Cervical Cancer And Hpv Vaccination Health And Social Care Essay

Reappraisal of writing is an essential constituent of a beneficial overview in any field of comprehension. It causes the exploration laborer to infer data on what has been done prior and to determine data on what has been done aforesaid and to infer further entrance in to the examination work. It other than assists with being after and carry on the review in precise mode. In this section, the examination specialist has introduced the accessible research surveies and applicable writing from which the quality of the review was drawn. 1. Surveies identified with cervical harmful neoplastic illness 2. Surveies identified with HPV inoculation.STUDIES RELATED TO CERVICAL CANCERMiocLee, C. ( 1999 ) led a subjective study with eight point of convergence bunches ( figure of sample=102 ) by using 11 request got from the health conviction hypothetical record. Center gathering uncovered that there was falsehood and a lack of perception about cervical dangerous neoplastic infection. The grown-up females at that place fore were befuddled about causative variables and deterrent plans identified with cervical harmful neoplastic illness. The discoveries indicated that major organized boundaries were financial and cut elements. The boss mental hindrances were dread, forswearing disarray thought. Members expressed that clinical counsel and guidance would follow up on them to experience Pap preliminary. Proposals were made to chop down certain hindrance and to expand insight and intention. Sheila, Twin. ( 2005 ) led a study among Chinese grown-up females from a whole example of 467 so as to put the perception about cervical dangerous neoplastic malady. Apparent recommended that grown-up females information about cervical threatening neoplastic malady and deterrent plans are significant their indicating designs. The interest for farther discernment about the cervical appearing and protection step was illustrated. HkoLiou, Xueminling. ( 2009 ) directed transverse sectional graphic structure on reactions activity and wellbeing advancing practices among provincial Chinese grown-up females with unnatural Pap preliminary. The outcome shows that around 14 % were analyzed as precancerous and experienced farther mediation. 24 % of the grown-up females made no move during the multi month in the wake of having the result. Similarly numerous as 96 % were non perceptive about restricted cervical threatening neoplastic malady. These examined outcomes may turn out utile in creating mediation plans to help grown-up females with positive Pap preliminary results to take intercession modes and received wellbeing behaviours.STUDIES RELATED TO HPV VACCINATIONKwan, T, et.al. ( 2007 ) directed a transverse sectional network based study to look into Chinese grown-up females ‘s perceptual experience of human villoma infection immunization and their motivation to be inoculated. An aggregate of 1450 social Chine se grown-up females matured 18 or more who went to the health places. The result appears around 38 % of members ( n=527 ) had known about HPV and roughly 50 % ( n=697 ) had known about immunization against cervical harmful neoplastic illness. 88 % of the members ( n=1219 ) demonstrate that they would presumably to be inoculated. Lion's share of the members accepted that explicitly experient grown-up females ought to be inoculated ; while27 % restricted vaccinating explicitly naA?ve grown-up females. overview recommended that HPV contamination was seen to defame to adumbrate family and cultural connections, in spite of confusion and a grossy insufficient comprehension about HPV and HPV vaccination, NubiaMunoz, et.al. ( 2007 ) directed overview among 17, 622 grown-up females matured 15-26 mature ages who were taken on one of two randomized, fake treatment controlled, adequacy tests for the HPV6/11/16/18 vaccinum ( first patient on December 28, 2001, and surveies finished July 31, 2007 ) . Immunization or fake treatment was given at twenty-four hours 1, month 2, and month 6. Every grown-up female experienced cervico vaginal examining and Pap demonstrating at twenty-four hours 1 and each 6 a year at that place after. An outcome shows that vaccination was up to 100 % adequate in cut bringing down the peril of HPV16and 18 related top-quality cervical, vulvar, and vaginal sores and of HPV 6 and 11-related genital moles. In the goal to-treat gathering, immunization other than measurably altogether diminished the danger of any top-quality cervical sores ( 19.0 % decline ; rate vaccinum = 1.43, rate fake treatment = 1.76, distinction = 0.33, 95 % affirmation span [ CI ] = 0.13 to 0.54 ) , vulval and vaginal sores ( 50.7 % decline ; rate vaccinum = 0.10, rate fake treatment = 0.20, contrast = 0.10, 95 % CI = 0.04 to 0.16 ) , venereal moles ( 62.0 % decline ; rate vaccinum = 0.44, rate fake treatment = 1.17, distinction = 0.72, 95 % CI = 0.58 to 0.87 ) , Pap abnormalcies ( 11.3 % decline ; rate vaccinum = 10.36, rate fake treatment = 11.68, distinction = 1.32, 95 % CI = 0.74 to 1.90 ) . Choice of the study is High-inclusion HPV vaccination plans among fledglings and youthful grown-up females may result in a quick decline of venereal moles, cervical cytological abnormalcies. Irresistible Disease Obstetric Gynecology journal. ( 2006 ) recommended that Vaccines which ensure against contamination with the kinds of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) ordinarily connected with cervical threatening neoplastic infection ( HPV 16 and 18 ) and venereal moles ( HPV 6 and 11 ) are relied upon to go accessible in the nearby from now on. Since HPV vaccinums are preventative, they should be regulated preceding introduction to the infection, in a perfect world during preadolescence or youthfulness. The youthful age of the imprint vaccination populace implies that specialists, guardians, and patients will all be associated with the dynamic system. Research has indicated that guardians and patients are bound to acknowledge a vaccinum on the off chance that it is adequate, safe, respectably valued, and suggested by a specialist. Across the board guidance of specialists, patients, and guardians about the risks and impacts of HPV disease and the advantages of vaccination will be i nstrumental for assisting antibody confidence. Andrea Licht, S, et. Al. ( 2009 ) directed overview on HPV immunization. The reasons for this overview were to gauge HPV immunization rates and to break down whether discernment and peril perceptual encounters sing HPV were related with the announced utilization of the HPV vaccinum among female school students. A cross-sectional plan was utilized among 406 grown-up females matured 18-26 mature ages were enrolled at two state funded colleges and finished a self-regulated investigation. Respondents who revealed holding got at any rate one measurements of HPV vaccinum were named ‘vaccinated ‘ ( n=177, 43.6 % ) . Reactions, separated by the gathering of HPV vaccinum, were analyzed using spellbinding measurements and multivariate hypothetical records. Outcomes dependent on multivariate strategic captured advancement shape, 18-year-old grown-up females were around multiple times bound to portray use of the HPV vaccinum contrasted and respondents matured 19-26 mature ages. Respo ndents who right showed that HPV caused venereal moles were 1.85 occasions bound to hold got at any rate one HPV vaccinum. African American and Asiatic grown-up females were each less inclined to be inoculated contrasted and white grown-up females. Hazard perceptual experience was non altogether connected with vaccinum utilization, by and by, the heft of respondents bombed precisely to recognize their high danger of both geting and passing on HPV. These discoveries propose discernment deficiencies and misperceptions about HPV risk as potential subjects for instructive runs advancing the more prominent utilization of the protection HPV vaccinum among this subgroup Allison Friedman, L. ( 2004 ) recommended that venereal human villoma infection ( HPV ) contamination is the most well-known explicitly familial infection in the US, doing venereal moles, cervical cell abnormalcies, and cervical harmful neoplastic ailment in grown-up females. To educate HPV guidance endeavors, 35 point of convergence bunches were directed with individuals from the general masses, separated by sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and urban/rustic area. Center gatherings investigated members ‘ insight, mentalities, and convictions about HPV and an approximated HPV vaccinum each piece great as their conveying propensities for HPV-related instructive messages. Crowd awareness and discernment of HPV were low over all gatherings. This, alongside an apparent STD-related disgrace, filled in as boundaries to members ‘ speculative assurance of a future vaccinum. In spite of the fact that data about HPV ‘s high pervasiveness and nexus to cervical threatening ne oplastic sickness propelled members to larn progressively about HPV, it other than created crowd dread and nervousness. This exploration recommends that HPV-and HPV-immunization related guidance endeavors must be drawn closer with extraordinary Raley, JC. ( 2004 ) proposed that Human villoma infection ( HPV ) is the causative operator of cervical neoplasia and venereal moles. A vaccinum has late been built up that may prevent contamination with HPV. Inoculation for HPV may go an ordinary part of office gynecology. Specialist reviewed individuals from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG ) to discover their mentalities to HPV vaccination. An investigation was sent to Fellows of ACOG to gauge gynecologists ‘ perspectives. Antibody worthiness was broke down by using 13 situations with the undermentioned measurements and a few properties: time of patient ( 13, 17 and 22 mature ages ) ; usefulness of vaccinum ( 50 % or 80 % ) ; ACOG suggestion ( yes or no ) ; and illness focused on ( cervical threatening neoplastic infection, moles or both ) . Every situation was appraised by organizations of a 11-point reaction design ( 0 to 100 ) . Reactions were assessed using conjoint examination. Results of 1 200 investigations that were conveyed, 181 were returned and remembered for our examination. ACOG proposal was considered the vast majority of

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 41

English - Essay Example Youthful supervisors are powerless against settle on wrong choices on the off chance that they don't work with taught and prepared to-learn representatives. As they are taught and with receptive outlooks, rookies representatives at the work environment are most straightforward to work with. They have imaginative personalities affected by scholarly experience they have in regards to the use of rationale and appropriate administration of assets. Tasks directors don't enlist workforce inside the professional workplace. In any case, they need to work with the workforce employed and alloted to them by the human asset office. For workers with advanced education, the way toward choosing the most appropriate alternative gets muddled as ownership of information in various regions permits every representative equivalent odds of proceeding in the same class as the other. For this situation, activities supervisors managing representatives with advanced education experience create solid tasks groups. As much as advanced education gives chances to the understudy to landing great paying position, it additionally confuses the operations’ manager’s capacity to decide. With similarly qualified representatives or planned workforce, it is the manager’s bad dream in dynamic particularly in advancement suggestions. In any case, the impact of advanced education to the workers is that any given proposal for advancement is probably going to be a savvy choice paying little mind to the way that better alternatives can be at removal. In all businesses, tech or something else, tasks the board is probably going to be regarded wasteful on the off chance that it can't comply with time constraints on ventures and different obligations. One significant issue related with the test of not fulfilling time constraints is managing non-helpful workers. It isn't the obligation of present day director to micromanage (administer the least of exercises per singular representative) workers or to chase after each helping them to remember their obligations. Utilizing workers with advanced education experience makes it feasible for the

25 ?mployee Incentive Ideas that Wont Break the Bank

25 ?mployee Incentive Ideas that Won’t Break the Bank Em?l???? r???gniti?n i? th? timely informal or formal ??kn?wl?dg?m?nt ?f a person’s or t??m’? b?h?vi?ur, ?ff?rt ?r bu?in??? r??ult that supports the organization’s g??l? ?nd v?lu??.In??ntiv?? ?nd ???r??i?ti?n? are fundamental hum?n n??d?.Employees r????nd t? appreciation expressed through r???gniti?n ?f th?ir g??d w?rk because it ??nfirm? th?ir w?rk i? valued by ?th?r?.Wh?n ?m?l????? and their w?rk? ?r? v?lu?d, th?ir ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd productivity rises, and th?? ?r? m?tiv?t?d to maintain ?r im?r?v? th?ir g??d w?rk ?? ??v?r?l ?tudi?? have ?h?wn.Ev?r??n? w?nt? a ‘pat ?n th? back’ t? make th?m f??l g??d.It is a known f??t th?t appreciation i? ?n? ?f the t?? motivators f?r ?m?l????? to work h?rd?r ?nd t? b? m?r? committed t? th?ir ??m??ni??.Studi?? ?h?w th?t ???r??i?ti?n i? directly link?d t? happiness in th? w?rk?l??? â€" ?nd wh?t more could ?n? wish f?r th?n b?ing h?????A study b? an ?nlin? ??r??r ?it?, Glassdoor r?v??l?d that more th?n 80 ??r??nt ?f ?m?l????? ??? th?? ?r? mo tivated t? w?rk h?rd?r wh?n their b??? ?h?w? ???r??i?ti?n f?r th?ir work.Showing gratitude ?l?? helps keep w?rk?r? from w?nting t? leave.The ?r???n?? ?f an ethical ?lim?t? will ?tt??h people t? a ??m??n?. It i? not ?lw??? ju?t m?n?? that can express ???r??i?ti?n.A lot ?f employees w?uld f??l more appreciated if th?ir b??? gave them an un?x???t?d tr??t, like snacks, lun?h??, dinn?r? ?r th?nk ??u n?t??, whil? others would ?nj?? a ??m??n?-???n??r?d ???i?l ?v?nt, such ?? a ??m??n? r?tr??t, a holiday party or h???? h?ur.Even these ???t-?ffi?i?nt forms ?f appreciation ?h?w ?m?l????? that they are v?lu?d.R???gniti?n is a key ?u????? f??t?r even ?t high?r levels of m?n?g?m?nt.Alw??? remember t? give ???itiv? feedback t? th??? who ?r? r????n?ibl? for ??rt ?f the ??m??n? ?u????? ?nd th?t in?lud?? incentives.“R????r?h indi??t?? th?t ?m?l????? h?v? three prime n??d?: Interesting work, recognition f?r doing a g??d j?b, ?nd b?ing l?t in ?n things that ?r? going ?n in Th? Company. Zig Zigl?r3 R EASONS WHY EMPLOYEE RECOGNITION WILL ALWAYS MATTER Do ??u kn?w wh?n N?ti?n?l Em?l???? A??r??i?ti?n D?? is?H?r?’? ?n even b?tt?r qu??ti?n: D??? it even matter? Th? truth i?, ?m?l???? r???gniti?n knows n? ??l?nd?r â€" it’s an im??rt?nt part of ??m??n? ?ultur? ?ll year long and ?r?b?bl? always will b?.H?r? are thr?? r????n? wh? th?t’? ??.Recognized Em?l????? Ar? Happy EmployeesN?t ?v?r?b?d? t?k?? th?ir w?rk h?m? with them, ?? the ?ld ???ing g???.H?w?v?r, m??t ?f u? d? take home ??m? ?f th? f??ling? th?t ??m? ?ut in th? w??h whil? w?’r? in th? ?ffi?? ?r m??ting with clients.L?t’? put it this w??: G??d vib?? in th? office tr?n?l?t? into a h???i?r and m?r? ?????ful h?m? lif?.Wh?n you ?h?w ??ur ?m?l????? that you see ?nd ???r??i?t? th?ir efforts â€" and t?k? the time t? demonstrate how mu?h of a m???ur?bl? impact they’re h?ving ?n ??ur bu?in??? and ??ur ??rn?r of the world â€" th??? ?m?l????? f??l g??d ?b?ut wh?t th?? d? and they take those f??ling? h?m? with them.Oh, and ?n?th ?r thing, h???? ?m?l????? are ?n average 12 percent more ?r?du?tiv? than th?ir l???-h???? ??unt?r??rt?.Sounds lik? a win-win in the end.Appreciative Leaders Ar? Appreciated L??d?r?On? ??uld writ? a hundr?d think pieces ?b?ut wh? tru?t in the w?rk?l??? i? ?riti??l and it ?till w?uldn’t b? ?n?ugh.So l?t’? ??? it ?g?in: Tru?ting ?n? another is ?n? ?f the m??t valuable ??mm?diti?? w? ???????.Y?u might think a proverbial leap of faith is what’s r?quir?d t? build trust â€" th?t pesky trust mu?t ?t?rt ??m?wh?r? paradigm w?’r? ?ll familiar with.Put ??ur??lf ?ut on a limb, tru?t ??ur ?m?l????? ?nd ??? if th?t tru?t i? r?w?rd?d. Right?W?ll â€" sort ?f.Y?u d?n’t h?v? t? ju?t fir? ?nd f?rg?t wh?r? tru?t is concerned â€" ??m?tim?? ?ll ??u h?v? t? d? is build a ??lid f?und?ti?n for it t? thriv?.In our ???? t?d??, that f?und?ti?n i? ???r??i?ti?n.Y??!Y?u’d b? ?ur?ri??d b? the degree t? which simply th?nking ??ur ?m?l????? f??t?r? an ?tm???h?r? ?f tru?t.Wh?n employees kn?w their ?ff?rt? ??ntribut? t? a cause and are n?ti??d by ????l? high?r u? the f??d ?h?in, th?? f??l a deeper connection t? l??d?r?hi?.Un?ur?ri?ingl?, n??rl? 90 percent ?f ?m?l????? who r???iv?d r???gniti?n ?r thanks fr?m th?ir boss in th? ???t m?nth indicated high?r levels ?f tru?t in that b???. Among ?m?l????? wh? r???iv?d n? recognition, ?nl? 48 ??r??nt indicated they tru?t?d th?ir high?r-u??.When Em?l????? Feel R???gniz?d, Th?? Stick Ar?undFor th? third ?nd fin?l d?f?n?? of ?m?l???? r???gniti?n, l?t’? ??n?id?r the costs ?f tr?ining a brand-new ?m?l???? t? the point where th?? can w?rk ?? confidently and ?? ?ffi?i?ntl? ?? a ??m??n? veteran.S?und? ?xh?u?ting and ?x??n?iv?, d???n’t it? It is.A???rding t? ??m? estimates, w?l??ming a n?w hir? into th? f?ld could ???t as much ?? $3,500 for r??ruitm?nt ?nd ?? mu?h ?? $1,200 and 32 h?ur? ??r ???r in ?ng?ing training.All t?ld, a n?w hire might ???t $4,129 ?nd as mu?h as 42 d??? in lost ?r ??m?r?mi??d ?r?du?tivit?.If it ??und? lik? th?t’? a ??m?li?? ti?n ??u don’t need, ??u’r? ?r?b?bl? right.When asked why they d??id?d t? ?wit?h to a different ??r??r, the v??t m?j?rit? of ?m?l????? r??r???nt?d in a recent U.S. Bur??u ?f Labour ?nd St?ti?ti?? report indi??t?d th?? f?lt ?ith?r a l??k ?f respect or a lack of autonomy.With a littl? bit of r???gniti?n, ??u ??n r?v?r?? th??? tr?nd? ?nd keep your t?l?nt ?r?und f?r mu?h longer.TH?R?F?R?, H?R? ?R? 25 ?M?L???? INCENTIVE ID??? T? ?H?W ???R??I?TI?N THAT W?N’T BREAK TH? B?NK   Have 1-on-1 TimeIn thi? digit?l ?g?, w? tend to ??mmuni??t? with dir??t r???rt? vi? ?m?il, IM, phone, ?nd t?xt.But n?thing quite b??t? a f???-t?-f???, ?n?-?n-?n? meeting, says Elizabeth Gr??? Saunders, the author ?f How to Invest Y?ur Time Like M?n??,   “On?-?n-?n?? ?r? one ?f th? most important ?r?du?tivit? tools you have ?? a manager,” ?h? ????.Th?? ?r? wh?r? ??u ??n ??k strategic questions such ??, are we focused on th? right things?And fr?m a r????rt ??int of vi?w, th?? ?r? h?w ??u show ?m?l????? th?t ?? u v?lu? th?m and ??r? about them.While more ?f ?ur business ?nd personal ??mmuni??ti?n? are m?ving online, ?n?th?r ????h?l?gi?t Su??n Pinker, author ?f The Vill?g? Eff??t, ?rgu?? ?ur gr?wing l??k of ???i?l contact is hindering our ?bilit? t? build ?tr?ng bu?in??? relationships, ?nd m?? ?l?? have a negative im???t ?n ?ur h??lth ?nd h???in???.Pinker ?rgu?? the movement toward ??mmuni??ting through t??hn?l?g? stands in th? way of ?ur m??t b??i? bi?l?gi??l n?????iti??.F???-t?-f??? int?r??ti?n causes the r?l???? of ?x?t??in, also called the ?uddl? chemical, ?? it’? th? ??m? h?rm?n? released in women br???tf??ding to b?nd with their b?bi??.Whil? experts formerly vi?w?d oxytocin as a f?m?l? h?rm?n?, it’? n?w raising int?r??t in th? business ??mmunit? f?r its ability t? f??ilit?t? tru?t.Wh?n ????l? ??nn??t ?h??i??ll?â€"thr?ugh a h?nd?h?k?, a pat ?n th? b??k or a high fiv?â€"?x?t??in is r?l????d, promoting feelings of ?tt??hm?nt ?nd tru?t, facilitating greater ??ll?b?r?ti?n ?m?ng t??m m? mb?r?.Thi? i?n’t ju?t an in??ntiv? f?r h?rd w?rk, it? ?l?? a w?? of ???ing k??? up the h?rd work.T?? often, ?ur offices ?r? ?l???? wh?r? ????l? go when th??’r? in trouble.It’? ju?t lik? th? ?rin?i??l’? ?ffi??.In?t??d, m?k? it a habit t? call ?m?l????? t? ??ur ?ffi?? t? ask h?w th?? are ?nd ?h?w ??ur ???r??i?ti?n. R????r?h shows it releases oxytocin ?nd ?r??t?? b?nd in th? office f?r better ?r?du?tivit?, whil? another r????r?h ?h?w? face t? f??? in?r????? ?r?fit?bilit? in th? w?rk place.It will make ??u (?nd ??ur ?ffi??) seem l??? ???r?.And It doesn’t ?v?n cost ?n? money.Memory TrophyGiving ?nd receiving a ??r??r?t? award ??n ?r??t? lasting memories f?r everyone ?t a company, a ??r??r?t? award ?ut? a spotlight ?n both your ?m?l???? and ??ur company ?nd h?l?? ?r??t? unity ?nd ??r??d? l?v? all over. Recognise ?m?l?????’ ?ut?t?nding ??ntributi?n b? ?r???nting awards f?r th??? wh? ??it?mi?? company ?ultur? ?nd values.“These ?w?rd? m?? b? giv?n b? one colleague to another, i rr?????tiv? ?f hi?r?r?h?, wh? g? ?ut of their w?? t? h?l? ?th?r? ?nd/?r h?l? th? organisation driv? im???tful ??r??r?t? social r????n?ibilit? initi?tiv??,” ???? Ni?k Williams, dir??t?r â€" people and ??r??r?t? ??mmuni??ti?n?, T???? B?ng?luru.Purchase a trophy ?nd ?w?rd it t? ?n ?ut?t?nding ?m?l???? ???h week.At th? ?nd ?f the w??k, th? employee must r?turn the trophy with ??m?thing personal ?tt??h?d.Aft?r 52 w??k? (?n? year), h?v? a tr??h? party ?nd r?vi?w ?ll th? ?tt??h?d ?bj??t? ?nd th? m?m?ri?? they r??r???nt.Then start ?g?in either with a n?w tr??h? ?r with the ??m? ?n?.Either w??, employees ???r??i?t? th??? kind ?f togetherness ?r it in turn b???t? productivitySpecial ParkingCr??t? a ?im?l? and fr?? ?m?l???? incentive b? d??ign?ting a VIP ??rking ????? in th? ??rking lot ?f your company.Ch???? a ???t ?l??? t? the building’? entrance and label th? spot as reserved.Y?u can ???ign a diff?r?nt ?m?l???? to this reserved parking ???t ???h m?nth ?n a r?t?ting b??i?.B??id?? being ? f n? ???t to you, thi? t??? ?f incentive r?w?rd? ?v?r? employee, n?t ju?t th? ?v?r??hi?v?r?.Th? VIP ??rking space ???ur?? ?v?r? employee that th?? are v?lu?bl? t? the company ?nd m?k?? sure nobody g?t? ?v?rl??k?d.Upgrade the Coffee MachineIt would b? a ??rti?ul?rl? ??ld-h??rt?d boss wh? l??k?d upon a coffee m??hin? as b?ing a di?tr??ti?n fr?m w?rk, but th? value of ?u?h it?m? t? th? business i? ?ft?n und?rr?t?d.In ?h?rt, ?m?ll tr??t? can h?l? motivate ????l? ?nd ?n?ur? better work thr?ugh?ut th? d??. C?ff?? i? the lifeblood ?f ??ur w?rk?l???.A? such, th? ??ff?? m??hin? i? lik? th? H?l? Grail.It’? not ?b?ut ?l?ing ??ur ?m?l????? with ??ff?in? in th? hope th?t th?? g?t m?r? d?n?.It’? ?b?ut th? rh?thm? ?f th? w?rking d??.Nobody works solidly fr?m 9am t? 5pm.Instead, ?ur efforts ebb ?nd flow as w? gain and lose m?tiv?ti?n.H?w?v?r, ?tudi?? h?v? shown that giving ??ur??lf a r?w?rd f?r completing ??rt?in tasks h?l?? k??? ??u g?ing where ?th?rwi?? your efforts might f?d?.We ?ll ?l?? lit tle tri?k? ?n ourselves t? g?t ?ur w?rk d?n?, whether ??n??i?u?l? or un??n??i?u?l?.Oft?n, w? will r?m?in ?ng?g?d with a t??k if we ??n see a finish lin? in ?ight â€" even if that fini?h lin? i? ??tu?ll? ju?t a t?m??r?r? ??u??.W? t?ll ?ur??lv?? that we will g?t thi? t??k finished b? 11?m ?nd then we ??n g? ?nd g?t a coffee. It th?r?f?r? f??l? like a reward.If ?t?ff have t? make d? with ?h??? in?t?nt coffee th?t th?? d?n’t r??ll? lik?, they w?n’t feel lik? this i? a r?w?rd and th?? w?n’t f??l quit? ?? motivated.Periodically replace ?r u?gr?d? the machine as a way t? show ??ur ?m?l???? ???r??i?ti?n.Throw a PartyW?rk?l??? ??l?br?ti?n? range fr?m m?nthl? birthday ??rti?? t? r?w?rd? for company accomplishments.Th? b?n?fit? of th? ??l?br?ti?n? g? b???nd the enjoyment ?f th? ??rt? it??lf. Y?ur ?m?l????? g?in int?ngibl? rewards fr?m th? group events, wh?th?r th?? t?k? place during w?rk ?r ?ft?r h?ur?.C?l?br?ti?n? giv? your ?m?l????? r???gniti?n for accomplishments and milestones in b?t h bu?in??? ?nd th?ir personal liv??.B?ing recognized for th??? ????m?li?hm?nt? ?h?w? employees th?t ??u pay attention t? what th??r? d?ing ?t w?rk ?nd v?lu? th?ir contributions.B? h?v? ??l?br?ti?n? f?r ??r??n?l ?v?nt? lik? birthdays, weddings ?nd n?w b?bi??, you show th?t you t?k? a personal interest in ??ur ?t?ff.Most ????l? like to b? r???gniz?d f?r their ????m?li?hm?nt?, and th? w?rk?l??? ??l?br?ti?n? give you a ?l?tf?rm f?r ?r?viding the ???r??i?ti?n.Give them an Extra Vacation DayA r????r?h by Ex??di? in its 2014 Vacation D??riv?ti?n ?tud?, n??rl? 8,000 ?m?l????? w?rldwid? were asked ?b?ut vacation habits ?nd ??li?i??, ?nd what th?? w?uld give u? f?r a w??k t? g?t ?n? ?dditi?n?l vacation day.“Somewhere b?tw??n 80 and 90 ??r??nt ?f ????l? w?rldwid? ??? th?t vacations m?k? them f??l h???i?r, b?tt?r r??t?d, ?l???r t? their f?mili??, less ?tr????d and m?r? relaxed,” ??id J?hn M?rr??, vi?? ?r??id?nt and g?n?r?l manager ?f ?x??di?.??m.“Th??? are ?ll emotions th?t ??rr?l?t? t? a productive ?m?l????. S? it’? ?lm??t paradoxical: ???nd more time away fr?m w?rk, and ??u might ju?t b? a better performing ?m?l????.”Giv? ??ur ?m?l???? a paid d?? off, ?n? that d???n’t count against th? standard vacation d?? limit? ??u might have in ?l???.It may b? in th? form ?f an ?gr??m?nt, or a “fr?? day pass” th?t th?? ??n u?? wh?n?v?r th?? w?nt t?.Thi? type ?f ???r??i?ti?n sure m?tiv?t?? them t? b? more ?r?du?tiv?.Give them Double TimeGiv? your employees th? ??ti?n t? choose a d?? when they want to double th?ir br??k?.So, instead of just 30 minut?? for lun?h, th?? can t?k? an h?ur.Small bu?in????? t?nd t? have a f??t-????d ?nvir?nm?nt. Em?l????? h?v? littl? tim? t? t?k? breaks, ?nd when th?? d?, th?? sometimes don’t get to ?nj?? it.An Augu?t 2011 study conducted by Right M?n?g?m?nt ???? th?t ?n?-third ?f workers eat lunch ?t their d??k d?il? whil? 16 ??r??nt h?rdl?, if ever, t?k? lun?h.This ??n be a hazardous ?r??ti??. Employee br??k? ?r? important ?nd when ??u gi ve th?m m?r?, ?????i?ll? f?r w?rk w?ll done, th?? f??l m?r? ???r??i?t?d.Give them the Option of FlexibilityAllowing ?m?l????? the ??ti?n ?f ?h???ing between ??v?r?l diff?r?nt w?rk ??h?dul?? l??d? t? a ??n?? of ?m??w?rm?nt ?m?ng th? workforce and helps im?r?v? worker morale.Thi? i? ?l?? a useful m??n? for ??u to u?? tim? ?? a form ?f currency in lieu of immediate pay r?i???.Providing ?n ?lt?rn?tiv? means to compensate ?m?l????? whil? diversifying the tr?diti?n?l w?rkd?? is ????nti?l t? h?l? your business k??? ???t? l?w.Al?? flexible ??h?duling i? ?b?ut giv? ?nd t?k?: employers give th? freedom t? h??d out ??rl? or ??m? in l?t?r ?nd in turn, employees are ?till required t? get th?ir workload done.Because their n??d? h?v? b??n accommodated, ?m?l????? f??l appreciated whi?h ?r??t?? tru?t between the ?m?l???? ?nd ?m?l???r.As a result, they ?r? motivated to ??ntinu? t? w?rk h?rd and g?t ?v?r?thing d?n? ?nd d?n? w?ll.L?t ??ur ?m?l????? create a flexible w?rk schedule, whether it b? the h?u r? th?? w?rk, wh?n th?? w?rk, or wh?r? th?? w?rk.S?m? ?m?l????? like th? ?ffi??, ?th?r? might appreciate working fr?m h?m?.If ??u n??d ?v?r??n? together ?n?? ?r twice a w??k, giv? th?m the ??ti?n t? b? flexible with the r?m?ining d???.Create a Casual Dress DayFridays h?v? become, f?r many bu?in?????, a d?? f?r ?m?l????? t? dr??? down. If ??ur ?ffi?? allows f?r it, consider letting ??ur ?m?l????? have a ???u?l dr??? d??.Th?r?f?r?, if you have a bu?in??? ?r business ???u?l dr??? ??d?, tell ??ur t??m to dress down t?m?rr?w.Let th?m kn?w that ??u recognize their hard work ?nd th?t th?? d???rv? a day t? relax a littl?.You could ?v?n take it a ?t?? furth?r ?nd suggest th?t ?v?r??n? w??r fuzz? slippers in?t??d ?f r?gul?r ?h???!Thi? w?uld in turn ?h?w th?t ??u ???r??i?t? ??ur workers hard w?rk ?nd you d?n’t ?v?n h?v? t? spend a dim?.Give Away Outside ServicesWh? w?uldn’t enjoy a relaxing ?h?ir m????g? during a busy w?rk d??? Tr??t employees t? services right th?r? at w?rk, a f?w tim?? a ???r.Bring in a ?r?f???i?n?l m????u??, chiropractor, dietician or nutrition ?x??rt, ??g? instructor, investment ??un??ll?r, life ????h, personal trainer, ?r ?n?thing th?t would b? ?ith?r ?nj???bl? ?r h?l?ful th?t your employees might n?t take advantage ?f ?th?rwi??.Wh?n such ??rvi??? ?r? offered f?r fr?? right there ?t work, it i? easier f?r your ?m?l????? to t?k? ?dv?nt?g? ?f th?m.Find services that ?r? h?l?ful ?nd enjoyable, thing? they might n?t d? ?n th?ir own tim? or ?wn dim?.Make it clear they ?r? welcome ?nd ?n??ur?g?d t? step ?w?? from th?ir w?rk and m?k? u?? of th??? ??rvi??? when th?? ?r? ?v?il?bl?.Give Away Coupons and Gift CardsDon’t limit ??ur gifting just t? ??rvi??? ??u bring into th? ?ffi??. Em?l????? ???r??i?t? valuable coupons and gift ??rd?, too.You could giv? th?m: Magazine subscriptions, C?r wash ?nd d?t?il ??u??n, Book ?ll?w?n??, M?vi? th??tr? gift ??rd, C?n??rt ti?k?t?, House-cleaning or maid ??rvi?? ?t th?ir h?m?, P?? f?r a ?l??? ?r college ??ur??, Mu??um memberships.Let them Discard a Project of „Fire“ a ClientIf an employee h?? d?n? ?m?zing w?rk ?nd you’re d????r?t? to find a w?? t? r?w?rd th?m th?t th??’ll really ???r??i?t? m?r? than ?n? gift ?r fun m?m?nt?r? r???gniti?n, consider thi?: l?t them “fir?” a client they d?n’t want t? w?rk for, ?r dr?? a project that’s weighing th?m d?wn.N?w, ??u ??rt?inl? ?r?n’t going t? want th?m t? b? rud? to a client, but d???nding on th? ?itu?ti?n, you may b? in a ?l??? t? allow an ?m?l???? t? shift ?w?? fr?m a ?r?j??t ?r ?li?nt with?ut it hurting ??ur bottom lin?. Another employee ??n ??ntinu? working ?n that ?r?j??t or with th?t ?li?nt.Upgrade the Break Room SuppliesS?m? ?f the m??t ?ff??tiv? w??? to im?r?v? ?ffi?? m?r?l? are ?ur?ri?ingl? simple.70 ??r??nt ?f t?d??’? ?m?l????? report that m?n?g?r? who ??? “thank ??u” h?v? a “m???iv?” impact on morale and ?r?du?tivit?. Organizations wh? communicate ???r??i?ti?n in ?r??tiv? ways, such ?? a well-stocked br??k r??m, ??n g ain ?n advantage when it ??m?? t? ?ng?g?d, ?r?du?tiv? employees.Im?r?ving your br??k r??m t? b???m? a ?r??tiv?, cultural hub ??uld b? one ?f th? m??t important initiatives ??u und?rt?k? in ??ur office.Most br??k r??m? have th? b?r? minimumâ€"??ff?? and ?r??m?r.C?ff??, b?v?r?g?? ?nd a wid? r?ng? ?f exceptional ?n??k f??d? ??n g? a l?ng way in improving employee perception of ??ur break ?????.A few of th? best br??k room offerings from C?r??r?t? E???nti?l? in?lud?:C?ff??: El?v?t? ??ur ?ff?ring? with eco-friendly ?ingl?-??rv? pods, lux? whole b??n r???t ?nd k?g?r?t?r? ?f nitr? cold br?w ?n t??.C?ld B?v?r?g??: Single-serve b?ttl?d beverages lik? coconut w?t?r, cold-pressed juices and probiotic k?mbu?h? are healthy ?lt?rn?tiv?? to th? classic cup ?f ??ff??.Classic Sn??k?: Frito-Lay ?hi??, N?bi??? cookies, Nutella and Chex Mix ?r? a ??rf??t ?ft?rn??n pick-me-up.Healthy Fare: Fr??h fruit, Ch?f’? Cut Turk?? Teriyaki j?rk?, Bear N?k?d gr?n?l? and C?lb?? Sn???? ?ri??? are ?ll gr??t options. Improving your br??k r??m ?nd br??k r??m offerings ??n be a powerful w?? to ??? “th?nk ??u” t? ??ur t?l?nt.Th? right ????? stocked with the right snacks ?nd drink? can b? a cultural hub for informal learning, culture hacking, in?lu?ivit? ?nd fun at w?rk.F?rtun?t?l?, th? choice t? ?l?v?t? ??ur break r??m offerings can fit almost ?n? budg?t.Give them a Personal AssistantMore h?ur? in th? d??, th?t’? ?n? thing everyone w?nt? ?nd ??t, it’? impossible t? ?tt?in.But what if ??u ??uld free u? ?ignifi??nt time f?r ??ur star ?m?l????â€"m??b? ?? mu?h as 20% of th?ir w?rkd?? to focus ?n th? r????n?ibiliti?? that r??ll? m?tt?r?H?rv?rd business r?vi?w ???nt a f?w years studying h?w knowledge w?rk?r? ??n b???m? m?r? ?r?du?tiv? ?nd f?und th?t th? answer was v?r? ?im?l?: Elimin?t? ?r d?l?g?t? unimportant t??k? and r??l??? th?m with value-added ?n??.Th? research indicates th?t kn?wl?dg? w?rk?r? spend a gr??t deal ?f th?ir time, ?n an ?v?r?g? of 41% ?n discretionary ??tiviti?? that offer litt l? ??r??n?l satisfaction and could be h?ndl?d ??m??t?ntl? b? ?th?r? ?r ???i?t?nt?.Th?r?f?r? assigning a ???r?t?r? ?r personal assistant to ?n employee to help with filing ?r ?th?r unimportant tasks that m?? b? ?rdu?u? can gr??tl? improve productivity ?nd ??n ??t ?? ?n in??ntiv? f?r w?rk w?ll done.It can also b? a m?tiv?t?r for other ?m?l????? to step u? th?ir g?m?.But wh?th?r ??u u?? it ?? a reward, ?r ?im?l? t? m?k? th?ir life easier, it will b? much ???r??i?t?d.Celebrate the Less Obvious Accomplishments, tooD? you have ?n ?m?l???? wh? i? doing r??ll? w?ll with a high w?rkl??d?Who w?rk? ?n a variety ?f ?r?j??t? or t??k? with?ut ??m?l?ining?H?v? th?? accomplished ??m?thing in th?ir personal life th?t h?? nothing t? d? with w?rk?You d?n’t need a specific ?v?nt t? h?v? a ??u?? for celebration.Ex??ll?n?? in work, when you ??? it, i? worthy ?n it? ?wn. Lik?wi?? for the ??hi?v?m?nt? th?? make in their ??r??n?l lif?.H?w?v?r you ?h???? t? celebrate th? accomplishment, ??u let your team k n?w ??u ???r??i?t? th?m in th? “every d??” thing? th?? do.Draw Attention to Employees Outside InterestsY?u may h?v? ?m?l????? inv?lv?d in athletic competitions, charitable ?rg?niz?ti?n?, ?r ?th?r n?t?bl? ??tiviti??.Giv? them a bull?tin board ?r a ?l??? to b?th be recognized f?r wh?t they do, ?nd t? let others know about ?v?nt?.Get on a First-Name BasisThi? ??uld be a big step in the right direction, ??id D?vid M?r?nd, a ?r?f????r of m?n?g?m?nt ?t P?nn??lv?ni? State Univ?r?it?.He released a study ??n?luding b????? ?nd workers ?r? b?tt?r off when th?? ??ll each ?th?r by th?ir first n?m??. This is a very important d?vi?? and a ??mb?li? l?v?lling of status, D?vid ??id. Your r?l?ti?n?hi? i? supposed t? b? collegial, this ??t? th? tone for that.In f??t, in m?n? major companies, r??i?r???l fir?t-n?ming i? universal from th? l?wli??t maintenance worker ?r r????ti?ni?t right u? t? the chief executive.His ?tud? drew from int?rvi?w? with employees ?nd ?ffi?i?l? at H?wl?tt Packard, Mars Inc ., Xerox Corp. ?nd W?lt Disney C?.In th??? ??m??ni??, if employees ??ll top officials and th? chief ?x??utiv? by a title ?nd last name, th?? are openly corrected in a fri?ndl? way, he said.The vast m?j?rit? ?f the hundr?d? ?f ?m?l????? h? int?rvi?w?d ?r?f?rr?d b?ing on a fir?t-n?m? basis with th?ir b?????, h? said.L??rn ???h ?m?l????’? fir?t name; kn?w it, use it, b? ??r??n?l with ???h employee, ???ing them ?? individu?l? in?t??d of worker bees serving th? ??m??n?’? goals.It i? a f?rm of incentive th?t d???n’t ???t m?n??, but ??hi?v?? gr??t?r ?r?du?tivit?.Employee of the MonthEm?l???? ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd w?rk?l??? h???in??? ??n b? achieved by promoting ?w?rd? ?u?h ?? th? ?m?l???? of the month every m?nth t? g?n?r?t? h??lth? competition and m?tiv?ti?n ?m?ng?t th? ?m?l?????.Su?h award ?r?gr?m? ?n??ur?g? the employees to enhance th?ir ?r?du?tivit? ?nd w?rk ?ff??tiv?l?. Org?ni??ti?n? ?h?uld m?k? a n?t? ?f ?m?l????? wh? h?v? excelled in the d?m?in, select the b??t ?f th? l?t, recognis e and ?w?rd ?m?l?????.One ?f th? aspects ?f ??l??ting th? employee ?f the month is the ?rit?ri? that n??d t? be followed t? pick the best ?f th? lot. Th? ??l??ti?n ?rit?ri? depend ?n tw? m?in ?????t? â€" qu?lit? ?f w?rk ?nd ?ttitud? t?w?rd? w?rk.Some of th? other f??t?r? th?t help in d??iding th? b??t ?m?l???? ?f th? m?nth include ??rf?rm?n??, qu?lit?, ?tt?nd?n??, ?nd a couple ?f ?th?r f??t?r? fr?m th? ?r?vi?u? m?nth d???nding ?n th? role ?f the ?m?l????.This can b? a gr??t w?? to show r???gniti?n as long as employees take th? award ??ri?u?l? and it ??m?? with real ??rk?, like a ??rking space f?r th? f?ll?wing month, fl?xibl? h?ur? ?r a l?ng?r lun?h hour.Make a Fun Game out of the GiftsS?i?? u? your generosity with a little fun by hiding ??ur gift. Put it b?hind a d??r ?r a b?x, and have ?m?l????? ?h???? which d??r ?r b?x t? ???n. Tu?k th?m around th? office and let employees keep wh?t they find.Not ?nl? ?r? ??u giving them the ??tu?l gift, but you’re giving them a break fr?m thei r work ?? you l?t th?m f??u? ?n the game ?r the hunt in?t??d of the w?rk ?n their to d? li?t.Acknowledge Employees in MeetingsWhen ?n ?m?l???? h?? a g??d idea, ??rf?rm? ?b?v? and b???nd, ???ur?? a big win ?r ????unt, or d??? something w?rth?, ??kn?wl?dg? him ?r her b? n?m? in m??ting?.It b???t? confidence ?nd makes th? employee h????. It’? ?n in??ntiv? that d???n’t ???t ?n? money ?nd ??t makes th? employee f??l ???r??i?t?d.Make Sure They’re Using the Best EquipmentG?t ??ur ?m?l???? an im?r?v?d d??k or ?h?ir.Make sure th?ir ??m?ut?r ?r monitor aren’t l?gging b?hind ?th?r?.Use ?n ?m?l???? ??h?duling app ?? th?? don’t h?v? t? take ?i?tur?? ?f th?ir schedule with their ?h?n??.G?t th?m th? b??t ?qui?m?nt ??u can ?ff?rd so th?ir j?b is ???i?r ?nd m?r? comfortable t? do. T?ll them ??u w?nt to kn?w if th?? think th?? n??d ?n upgrade, ?r if they h??r of ?qui?m?nt or t??hn?l?g? th?t w?uld m?k? th?ir job ???i?r.Show Respect in Everything You Do and SayAll your h?rd w?rk and ???r??i?t i?n ?f ?n ?m?l???? ??n be destroyed in ?n instant if ??u ??ll ?t th?m, disrespect ?r b?littl? th?m in ?riv?t? ?r ?ubli?.They w?n’t r?m?mb?r th? 100 tim?? you ??id you appreciated th?m.They’ll r?m?mb?r th? one tim? you didn’t.Bite ??ur t?ngu?, smile ?nd always ?h?w r?????t r?g?rdl??? ?f ??ur ??r??n?l f??ling?.Wall of FameCreate a w?ll ?f fame f?r ???h r???gniz?d ?m?l????.H?ving an entire w?ll ?f the ?ffi?? dedicated t? ???r??i?ti?n ?f employees â€" with th?ir pictures ?nd ??ntributi?n? â€" is not ?nl? a gr??t w?? t? bright?n up th? w?rk????? but ?l?? ?n? of th? b??t w??? t? recognise ?ff?rt.Wh?n ?m?l????? ?r? v?lu?d and ???r??ri?t?l? r?w?rd?d, th?? ?r? m?tiv?t?d t? go the extra mile ?nd ?u?h th?m??lv?? furth?r.Be ?ur? t? writ? b?l?w th?ir picture wh?t they did th?t ??ur? r???gnizing th?m for.This d???n’t ju?t incentivise them, it ?l?? boosts ?r?du?tivit? ?nd f??t?r? h??lth? ??m??titi?n among th?m ?nd ??u w?uldn’t have to br??k th? b?nk.Put It in the NewspaperN?w?????r? ?r? ?lw??? l??king f?r thing? to ?rint. H?rn??? thi? need f?r a w?? to ?h?w ??ur ?m?l???? ???r??i?ti?n.Writ? up ?n article ?b?ut th? employee ?f th? m?nth ?nd ?ubmit it f?r ?ubli??ti?n in your l???l n?w?????r.When the i??u? i? printed, ?ut out the ?rti?l?, frame it, and giv? it to your ?m?l????.Allow for Family DaysM??t businesses h?v? ?i?k ?nd v???ti?n l??v?, and there ?r? l?w? that dictate ?ffi?i?l f?mil? leave.Off?r your ?wn br?nd ?f f?mil? d??? ?n t?? ?f this, ??rti?ul?rl? if ??u h?v? a lot of employees with children in school.Make it easy and non-punitive f?r ??r?nt? t? request to w?rk from home or miss w?rk wh?n th?r? ?r? ?n?w d???, kid? are ?i?k, or wh?n th?r? ?r? only h?lf d??? ?t th? ??h??l.L?t them u?? these days in?t??d of v?lu?bl? ?i?k ?r v???ti?n days.RUL?? FOR GIVING IN??NTIV??W?rking in th? modern w?rld ??n b? quite hectic.Th? pace is unr?l?nting. Th? ?x???t?ti?n? are high. The hours are long.And f?r m?n?, th? ??? i? und?rwh?lming.A culture ?f recognition b?th b?n?fit? ?m ?l????? and the business.H?r? ?r? a few bu?in???-r?l?t?d ?ut??m??.Gl?b?f?r??, ?n organization that h?l?? ??m??ni?? im?l?m?nt recognition ??luti?n?, found a 32 ??r??nt in?r???? in ?r?du?tivit? in ??m??ni?? that practice ???r-t?-???r r???gniti?n.In Gl?b?f?r??? 2012 Em?l???? R???gniti?n Surv??, th?? found engagement in?r????? 57 percent wh?n ?m?l????? are r???gniz?dTh? above research r?v??l? several bu?in??? b?n?fit?. Others include b?tt?r fin?n?i?l r?turn?, more inn?v?tiv? id???, ?r??t?? ???itiv? w?rk?l??? climates, ju?t to n?m? a f?w.W? h?v? ??nfirm?d how im??rt?nt in??ntiv?? ?r? in the w?rk ?l??? and went further to give you ??m? incentives that w?uldn’t br??k th? bank, but there ?r? rul?? t? giving th??? incentives ?? th?t th?? ?i?ld? m?ximum satisfaction ?nd productivity for ??ur ?m?l?????.Here ?r? a f?w rules for R???gnizing and giving in??ntiv?? t? Employees to In?r???? Commitment  R???gniz? ?m?l????? within ?n? w??k ?f the ?v?n:  If ??ur ?m?l???? n?il? th? ??l?? ?r???nt?ti?n t? a ?li?nt, l?t them know qui?kl?. Share your appreciation with a hand-written n?t? ?r verbally. Maybe ???t a th?nk ??u in Sl??k.Recognize employees ?ubli?l?: Sh?w ?m?l????? wh?t b?h?vi?ur? ?r? im??rt?nt t? you.F??u? ?n b?h?vi?ur?. It? less ?ff??tiv? t? focus ?n outcomes. S?m?tim?? an ?m?l???? ?tumbl?? but r???v?r? brilli?ntl?. R???gniz? th? behaviours th?t h?l??d him r???v?r with grace.U?? a 7:1 r?tio: Ensure ??u h?v? ??v?n tim?? ?? m?n? positive int?r??ti?n? with ?m?l????? ??m??r?d t? n?g?tiv? ones. This h?l?? to build stable r?l?ti?n?hi??. Of ??ur??, m?k? th??? int?r??ti?n? g?nuin? ?nd n?t f?r??d.Encourage ???r-t?-???r recognition: R???gniti?n i?nt limit?d to m?n?g?m?nt. Develop ??luti?n? th?t ?ll?w ???r? to r???gniz? ?n? another.Measure the impact: Cr??ting a r???gniti?n ??luti?n i? a business inv??tm?nt. Invest th? resources ?nd inv?lv? the right ????l? t? d?t?rmin? it? impact ?n k?? bu?in??? metrics lik? th? ones mentioned ??rli?rMake it unique: When r???gnizing ??m??n?, m?k? th? r?w?rd, if th?r? i? ?n?, fitting for th? ??r??n. If ??u kn?w th?? like ??r?m?l ?????rn giv? th?m th?t and n?t th? St?rbu?k? gift ??rd. Show ??u care b? putting th?ught int? th? reward.En??ur?g? ?h?ring: When rewarding ?m?l????? mix it up with r?w?rd? that ?ll?w people t? gift ??rt ?f th?ir r?w?rd to ?th?r?: d?n?ti?n? t? charities, for ?x?m?l?.Giv? ?n experience: Getting m?r? ??m??n? br?nd?d ?tuff i? nice, but the ???itiv? ?????i?ti?n link?d to the r?w?rd fades quickly. An ?x??ri?n??, like dinner ?nd tickets t? a show, creates a l??ting m?m?r?.SUMM?R?Ev?n t?d??, employee recognition i?n’t quite ?? ??mm?n, ?r as celebrated ?? it ?h?uld b?.Most m?n?g?r? ?h???? n?t to m?k? it a ?ri?rit?, ?ith?r b???u?? th??’r? too busy themselves ?r b???u?? they ?im?l? d?n’t understand why it’? ?? vit?l t? a thriving w?rk?l???.This is wrong and h?? t? b? ?h?ng?d.Research h?? shown tim?? with?ut number that giving incentives t? ?m?l????? boost productivity ?nd ?v?n k???? the employee fr?m le aving, th?r?f?r? it i? ?uit? important to ?h?w ???r??i?ti?n t? your employees.F?r the record, N?ti?n?l Em?l???? A??r??i?ti?n D?? f?ll? ?n M?r?h 4 ???h year.N?w th?t you kn?w how ???? it ??n b? t? ?m?h??iz? recognition â€" ?? w?ll ?? why it’? so im??rt?nt â€" ??u ??n make every day a time for ???r??i?ti?n.

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1785 Words

The unemployment rate for African Americans during the Great Depression reached upward of 50 percent at its peak. The commonly seen statistic of a 25 percent unemployment rate is primarily only applicable to white males at the time. The Great Depression stressed many societal structures that oppressed peoples based on race, gender ability to work, and socioeconomic standing. Despite the fact that over three quarters of a century has passed since the end of the Great Depression, many of these inequalities still remain (although to a lesser extent). A large number of Discussion about the social problems in the 1930s may still be applicable to today s society. In his novel Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck outlines many corrupt societal structures intended to exploit and demean individuals based on their perceived value: the inherent exploitative nature of the American Dream, the hierarchy of power in America based on an individual s ability to work, and the way in which oppressive systems a re maintained through a mis-projection of anger of the oppressed. The idea of the ‘American Dream’ motivates workers without giving them any actual gratification; individuals are led to believe that success is inevitable and thus abstain from carrying out the necessary work to achieve their long term goals, preventing lower class individuals from entering positions of power. The American Dream is the concept that anyone, regardless of wealth or status can achieve success in America. GeorgeShow MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men, He uses imagery many times to create a realistic setting and plot. Steinbeck’s depiction of migrant workers and their daily complications during the depression are objectively precise due to his use of imagery with idioms, dreams, nature, loneliness and animal imagery. The main theme of the book transpires to be loneliness and fate. While George and Lennie, the main characters have a synergetic relationship, fate steps in and does aw ay with their dreams, whichRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we possess. Many people feel certain emotions based on events that have taken place in their lifetime or how they were raised throughout their childhood. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, he portrays the feelings of isolation and loneliness in three different characters. George’s isolation is illustrated in Steinbeck’s, Of Mice and Men. George expresses many hard feelings towards Lennie at the opening of this story. â€Å"‘...you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1243 Words   |  5 Pagesis what John Steinbeck achieves by portraying this through the characters in his novella Of Mice and Men. The main characters are affected by loneliness in their own different way throughout the novella. rf The loneliness is maintained by the challenges that the characters have to face, and they sustain those challenges of being inhumane towards each other. Crook, a figure in the story who experiences discrimination encounters the challenge of race, due to the book’s setting in the 1930’s duringRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1080 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I want you to stay with me Lennie. Jesus Christ, somebody’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself.† The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck shows the relationship between two migrant workers in the 1930s, George and Lennie, along with the other members on the new ranch that they began working on. Georgie and Lennie dreamed of following the American Dream and owning their own patch of land and the novel revolves around the dream and the obstacles that stand in their way. Lennie, a strongRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe realistic fiction novella O f Mice And Men by John Steinbeck explains the journey of two migrant farm workers. Lennie and George are forced to overcome the Dust Bowl and The Great Depression around 1938. This makes jobs even harder to come by because everyone wanted one. Lennie and George were kicked out of Weed and they now work at a ranch in Soledad. At the new farm the friendship between Lennie and George becomes harder to maintain. The people on the farm are all different shapes, sizes, andRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words   |  9 Pagesjobs. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down from living their dream; they have to ru n from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporatesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling, thinking and acting in everyday life. In the story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, a duo of farmers, George and Lennie, search for work wherever they can. Their dream of having a farm of their own is coming into reach, while George has to wield Lennie away from the temptation of Curley’s wife and the reality of what Lennie can do. John Steinbeck uses characterization to illustrate the nature of human existence. Steinbeck portrays George as a man who tries to help, and helps others soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1448 Words   |  6 Pages In the novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck discusses the idea of loneliness and how people who work at the ranch have no family and no future in lives. He indicates that all people at the ranch are lonely, but he specifically uses a few characters to highlight their state of being lonely and more miserable than the others. He emphasizes the loneliness of ranch life during the Great Depression, and shows how people are willing to try and find friendship in order to escape from the state ofRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand the time period of John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men, exemplifies the idea that people from minorities are held back from achieving their version of the ‘American Dream’. This goes to prove not everyone will overcome the overbearing tidal waves of their hardship s, which makes the American Dream nothing more than a dream to them. Crooks, the black stable hand, faces discrimination due to his skin color as this unfortunately was common in the 1930’s. John Steinbeck uses Crooks’ situationRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men968 Words   |  4 PagesSolidifying the theme of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, the protagonist George expresses his significant loneliness despite a strong kinship with his friend Lennie, â€Å"’I ain’t got no people†¦ I seen the guys that go around the ranches alone. That ain’t no good’† (41). Published in 1937, amidst the horrific turmoil of the Great Depression, Steinbeck’s novella struck a sensitive chord with readers. Set in the heart of California’s Central Valley, this story follows two men, George and Lennie, as they

What The Problem Of Evil Is Under A General Scope

In this paper, I explain what the problem of evil is under a general scope in order to demonstrate the synthesis of my research. I also describe and evaluate four classic examples of solutions, or attempts, to solve the issues surrounding the problem of evil. These approaches to the problem were discussed in our textbook and include, karma, appeal to sovereignty, the consolation of promise, and dualism. I also include some selective quotations from a variety of scholars that compliment my evaluation and help further illuminate my insights. I discuss the reoccurring theme of possible indifference displayed by God in regards to humankind. I also touch on the possible implications of having an indifferent solution to the problem of evil†¦show more content†¦This event was so disturbing that it actually modified or destroyed the faith of many of the survivors. One of the explanations usually offered, is that through pain and suffering, vital life lessons can be ascertained. Mar k Stephen Murray Scott seems to echo this thought in his work, Theodicy at the margins: New trajectories for the problem of evil. Mark Stephen Murray Scott states (2011), Since Christ was the ultimate victim of oppression, he identifies with those who suffer from victimization. (p. 151) He discusses how when we embrace ours and other people s pain and suffering that we are effectively embracing God. I feel this is a weak argument though because how could so much excessive, grotesque pain and suffering be necessary? I agree that pain and suffering can help us evolve and become a better version of ourselves, but I don t agree with the cost. Could an excess of evil teach us important lessons? I believe the answer is yes, but so can a small or moderate amount of evil as well. There seems to be a disconnection with the cost versus the actual value of the information gained. Our text explores four different attempts at answering the issue of evil s existence. Our book describes the four common attempts at finding a solution to the problem of evil as, karma, the consolation of promise, the appeal to sovereignty, and dualism. The concept of karma involves the individual person being reborn repeatedly until they can learn

Ethical Theories in Business Environment Free Essays

string(84) " chart of moral reasoning then his actions must be in the best interests of others\." The Energy Corporation is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing to the community. Our organization is made of 400,000 members as I am a part of the board of directors. One of the directors has asked to address himself as a director of the Energy Corporation to personal potential clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Theories in Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have been asked to review this matter. Before giving the rest of the board a review I shall look into the perspectives of philosopher’s theories on ethics. The first philosopher I will bring up is Emmanuel Kant. Kant was one of the most influential philosophers of western philosophy. In Cant’s perspective, the sole feature that gives an action moral value is not the outcome that is attained by the act, but the cause that is behind the action. So in this case if the director is trying to make himself seem important or his actions benefit him more then the company then Kant wouldn’t agree with this decision. His actions should be pure and for the best interest of everyone. When thinking about this situation we can discuss Practical Imperative. â€Å"Act to treat humanity, whether yourself or another, as an end-in-itself and never as a means. (Kant). Individuals or groups of people are not to be used unjustifiably in demand to acquire your goals or pursue an edge or unfair benefits. People have rights that shouldn’t be violated. In other words Kant would ask, â€Å"Do my actions respect the goals of human beings rather than Just using them for my own purposes? † If not then it’s not prohibited. Simply that using others for ones benefit is wrong. If the action is what is seems to be, then Kant would identify it as Hypothetical Imperative. The goal is not based on pure reason but based on desire. For example if someone wants to confident in a class hen they have to study hard. If this director wants to address himself as a director he has to earn that privilege. I believe that Kant would approve this action only if the action was not for the director’s benefit in any way which seems difficult. A person with a different view will give his perspective on the situation and his view on ethics, this man is John Stuart Mill. John Stuart Mill was the most well-known and influential British moral philosopher of the nineteenth century. Mill concentrates on consequences of actions and not on rights or ethical opinions. Mill is known for his ethical theory of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is explained by examining the outcomes of actions and comparing those decisions with what would have occurred if some other action had been performed. Mill believes that the measures of an action can evaluate agents not the act that is committed. Mill focuses on the Principle of Utility. Principle of Utility is defined as an action that can be allowable if and only if the consequences of that act are at least as moral as those of any other action existing to that agent. So relating this to the situation the director hasn’t done any wrong because he may have the same goals as us. According to Mill if no other actions or decisions can be made then there is nothing wrong with the director’s request. Mill states that everyone’s happiness is taken into account, and given equal weight (SIS). Mill’s theory describes that happiness is to be spread amongst many people. It seems that Mill is describing that when someone is making a decision that the decision should bring happiness and if it does then it is right. He believes there is no limitation on consequences. All of the happiness and unhappiness must be taken account in an action no matter how timely it can be. After listening and eating about Mill I believe that he would let the director have his way. For that reason I believe he wouldn’t mind because he would think that his decision wouldn’t cause unhappiness to others. After all, the director is helping the organization in the long run. We all have the same goals and are trying to achieve the same things. Thought we can’t predict the consequences of everything this seems to have minor unhappiness. A decision in this situation needs some moral reasoning. The perfect person for that is Lawrence Goldberg. Lawrence Goldberg born in the state of New York was known for his contribution to the stages of moral reasoning. The stages of moral reasoning consist of 3 levels which are Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional. His studies suggest that overtime everyone progresses with their moral reasoning. Though people cannot Jump stages overtime they make their way to the later stages. So according to the studies from Goldberg adults should have a better grasp on moral reasoning. The theories show that adults have gone though some stages and should be able to make better decisions. The level Goldberg believes that society is in is second conventional stages. The first level is an attitude seeking to be approved by others. The second stage is one focused on abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty. So thinking about all of this in the current situation makes us think critically. If according to Goldberg we abide to our duties then requesting permission address oneself as the director of the organization is connecting to the duties. Goldberg would use his moral reasoning to understand the perspective of everything and find the good in the situation at hand. â€Å"At this level, the individual perceives the maintenance of the expectations of his family, group, or nation as valuable in its own right, regardless of immediate and obvious consequences† (Goldberg). Goldberg would believe that the decisions of each individual member of the board are for the best interest of the organization. Goldberg would allow the director to continue with his request because if the director is in a part of the chart of moral reasoning then his actions must be in the best interests of others. You read "Ethical Theories in Business Environment" in category "Papers" â€Å"Right action tends to be defined in terms of general individual rights and standards that have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole society’ (Goldberg). When we make decisions we want to make sure there is a Justice behind them. Maybe applying the Justice theory can help understand the situation. John Rails theory of Justice revolves around two fundamental principles. The first principle promises the right of each person to have the most general basic right agreed with the liberty of others. The second principle states that social and economic positions are to be to everyone’s advantage and open to all. The Justice Theory focuses on what it sounds which is not to treat others unfair, the individual rights of others come before cooperate needs. Rails would say that we are in the Original Position. In this Original Position we are self-interested cantonal people that are motivated to select in a knowledgeable and progressive way for whatever seems beneficial for ourselves. Leading to the Difference Principle which is described as â€Å"Social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they are both, to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged persons, and attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of equality of opportunity'(Rails). The Difference Principle means that society may start projects that require giving curtain people more power. Though this can only happen if two conditions are met. The first Ewing that the project has to improve the lives for the people who are now worst off. For example raising the standards to live so the less advantaged are better off. Second, access to the advantaged positions is not blocked by discrimination according to immaterial standards. So after discussing the Justice Theory it seems that in certain situations giving power to others is appropriate. In doing this everyone else’s rights are not being taken away. In the long run the decision to let the director to continue with his request will indeed benefit the organization in the end. It is in this certain situation that all of the conditions are met. Justice is happiness according to virtue† (Rails). Justice will bring happiness to others and everyone around it. As human beings we all have rights. Rights to life, a right to choose, a right to vote, to work, to be free. Rights are entitlements in which we can perform certain actions. Talking about this is all leading to the Rights Theory. We are all people and we have rights. If others affect our rights then things are unethical and can be illegal. â€Å"Rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived† (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014). In accepting our rights we accept our freedoms. Having a right is the ability to determine what others may and or may not do and to exercise authority over certain aspects of situations. The use of authority can be exercised as long as no rights are being violated. Maybe the director is using his authority in his request in speaking with the personal potential client? The director has a right to make his request from his position. No one can take away that right from him. If his request does impact the rights of another person then the request is not allowed and is unethical. Everyone has rights and so does the organization. A person who says to another ‘l have a right to do it’ is not saying that it is not wrong to do it. He is claiming that the other has a duty not to interfere† (Razz, 1994). I feel this quote can open doors to the situation. It says that you may have the right to do something which is k but can confuse if the act is wrongful to others. The director does have a right to say he is a director of the organization because he is a human being and its part of his natural rights as a person of the company. Yes it is his right but is it ethically right? It only takes one person to make something ethically or morally wrong. If none of the other directors in the organization have a problem with the situation then it can be considered ethically acceptable. All of these theories have a lot of ideas and beliefs. I believe after reading about all of the theories about ethics and moral reasoning it gives insight and enlightenment on many situations in the business community. It is easy to make a quick decision and settle with it. As fast as the decision may be it could be making a mistake even faster. All of these theories force different perspectives. Kant would approve this action only if the action was not for the director’s benefit in any ay which could seem difficult. It’s one thing if it was a regular business but the fact that the organization is non-profit changes things. It changes people’s perspective about the business. Non-profit does what’s best for the community. I believe Kant would approve of the request. I believe Mill wouldn’t mind this request because he would think that his decision wouldn’t cause unhappiness to others. If it did cause any it isn’t enough to outweigh the good from it. The directors’ request will help the organization in the long run. Goldberg would believe in moral reasoning to guide the road of directors to make the right decisions for the organization. The Justice Theory would allow the request because sometimes it allows an individual power for the greater good. Finally though the Rights Theory everything would be allowed as long as no rights are violated. So after all of the theories I hope that all of you can follow my ideas. I find that the request is for the best of the organization. Ethically the cause behind the request outweighs the bad. We are a non-profit organization and we are made of many people and that is hard to miss. We all have the same goals and ideas or bettering the community. This response describes to everyone why the request should be allowed. How to cite Ethical Theories in Business Environment, Papers

Special K Case Essay Example

Special K Case Paper Kellogg is a U. S. company, which offers the Special k cereal and accompanying products (cereals in different flavors as well as granola bars and protein shakes) that are healthier options for people who are aware of their diet and want a better lifestyle. Kellogg expands the market by targeting women who skip breakfast to stay slim. The marketing strategy helps to position the brand as a healthy alternative. The commercials we chose offer a weight management plan designed to lose weight in 2 weeks by consuming Special K products. The commercials chosen are both from the same campaign and the same year- 2009. In this report we have taken into consideration different international advertising factors to show Kellogg’s international advertising strategy. In this report we used several factors of international ad models to determine that Kellogg uses a hybrid international marketing strategy. Hybrid Advertising Strategy see table 1 Based on the environmental analysis below, we concluded that Kellogg’s uses a hybrid strategy known as pattern advertising (1). We considered these environmental factors: †¢Political and legal: Kellogg uses a global approach because both countries have similar advertising regulations; therefore, there is no need for diversification. †¢Economic: Kellogg’s uses a global approach because both ads target the same market consisting of middle and upper class working women who have a similar income, age, and knowledge of healthy lifestyle. †¢Sociocultural: Kellogg’s uses a local approach because in the American advertisement the idea of time and logic is very important. We will write a custom essay sample on Special K Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Special K Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Special K Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In contrast, in the Mexican advertisement Kellogg appeals to emotions and the idea of personal satisfaction. †¢Technological: Kellogg’s uses a global approach because they are aware that their target markets, who are middle to upper class working women, have the technology (television, internet) to see the commercials. Creative Execution see table 1 Creative execution, or the manner in which ads are carried out and presented, is different for U. S. and Mexican ads. The impact of the message depends not only on what is said but also on how it is said in these ads (2). Messages are presented in a mix of different execution styles: †¢Straight sell: is presented in both ads. Here, the straight sell relies on the specific benefits/attributes of the product-the target audience can lose 3 kilos in 2 weeks (Mexico)/6 lbs in 2 weeks (U. S. ) with the help of Special K products. Both ads show that by buying Special K products, the target audience will enjoy the reward of weight loss. †¢Rational vs. emotional argument: the rational argument, or the supporting claim, is presented in the U. S. ad by stating that loosing weight will lead to the â€Å"healthier new you. This is because in the U. S. the rational argument appeals to the monochromatic culture with low power distance like U. S. On the other hand, the emotional appeal is demonstrated in the Mexican ad when it shows the woman feeling great about herself. The emotional appeals to collectivistic cultures with high power distance like Mexico. †¢Demonstration: the actual use is seen only in the Mexican ad because Mexico is a collectivistic culture heavily relying on the opinion of family, friends, etc. so therefore the target audience is able to connect with the woman eating and enjoying the Special K cereals. High-context cultures, like Mexico, are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative. Therefore, women in Mexico need to relate to the everyday situation when using Special K products. Americans rely on reason and individualism and therefore they don’t have the need to connect with the woman in the ad. †¢Slice of life: both ads portray a real-life situation involving a problem-not being able to fit into jeans- and then both ads focus on how to resolve the problem by eating Special K, losing weight, and finally fitting into those jeans again. The slice of life is effective for everyday products such as cereals that consumers feel good about if they see real people buy and use them. †¢Dramatization: it is used in the Mexican ad where there is a scenario in the form of a story- bad shopping experience and not being able to fit in your regular size-and the problem solution-eating special K products and losing weight. The reason for dramatization is that Mexico uses emotional/dramatic appeal in the advertising. On the other hand, U. S. commercials rely on the rational/lecture appeal. Also, Mexico is a high context culture meaning that they use more dramatizations in commercials while they do not have to use many words to explain the situation. In contrast, U. S. is a low context culture, so ads are based on words and explanations. †¢Personality symbol: there is a central character (woman) that the audience can identify with in both ads. Special K is positioned as a cereal for adults, targeted to women and their ongoing concern with losing weight that is heavily influenced by popular culture in both Mexico and U. S. Humor: humor is used in Mexican ad when the woman tries to fit into jeans in the dressing room while her husband waits, and then she dances around when she is finally able to fit her jeans. The commercial is targeted to women, who can relate to main character because they think about the times when they tried to fit into jeans in the dressing room, and therefore they get the joke. As stated previously, the Mexican ad is appealing to women’s emotions and this is accomplished with the help of humor. †¢Lifestyle: how well a product fits in consumer’s lifestyle is presented in both ads. Both ads show how easy it is to integrate Special K products into their lifestyle and lose weight. Special K ads are targeted towards working, middle class women, who do not have time to prepare difficult healthy meals, and therefore they can grab Special K cereal in the morning and pack healthy snacks for the whole day without any special, lengthy preparation. Advertising appeal see table 1 Both advertisements have an emotional appeal to their consumers, but the appeals are presented in different manners (1). Both advertisements present the issue of weight loss and women struggling to fit into their clothes. The American advertisement shows a woman trying on her jeans next to a dryer giving the impression that because she put her jeans in the dryer and they shrunk and won’t fit. Then it presents a clock, which indicates that it’s time to lose weight. Americans are very concerned with time, and the idea of losing 6 pounds or a jean size in 2 weeks can be very appealing to the American woman. In the Mexican advertisement, the advertisement involves the sense of personal satisfaction. A woman can be seen in a dressing room trying on many different garments that don’t fit her correctly while outside the dressing room a man is waiting impatiently for her. The commercial explains that no matter what, women will always have a reason to take their time. The advertisement encourages them to accept the challenge and gives them a chance to be able to win a full day of shopping. The commercial also says they can debut a new figure in new clothes. The Mexican advertisement not only has to appeal to the fact that women will lose 3 kilos in 2 weeks, but they can also win new clothes. Message see table 1 The American Special K advertisement claims that you will lose 6 pounds in 2 weeks if you take the Special K Challenge. The Special K Challenge requires you to eat their cereal and other snacks and follow the diet plan they give you. If you do this, you will lose weight. They claim that if you lose this weight, your clothes will fit you better and you will be much healthier. The Mexican Special K advertisement claims that if you use the Special K Program, you will lose 3 kilos in 2 weeks. If you use this program to lose weight, you will look better in your clothes. Also, if you buy Special K products, you will have a chance to win a new wardrobe that will flatter your new figure. Copy/ copywriters see table 1 Both ads use copywriters to communicate what the product is intended for and what it is supposed to do. In the American advertisements, they advertise the Special K challenge while in the Mexican ad they advertise the Special K program (programa de special K). Both ads in different words refer to the same thing, but are not copied from English to Spanish. Also, the slogan of the Mexican add is †because you can† (porque tu puedes) while the one in America is â€Å"It’s never too late to start a healthier new you† they both appeal to a slimmer healthier life, but again are interpreted and not presented with the exact translation. Neither of the ads present slang terms, but the American ad does present the term â€Å"wake up call† which for American means the time to change something, but in the Mexican society such idiom does not mean anything. Target market appeal see table 1 Number of people in ad: The Mexican ad reflects the collectivist culture by having many people in it. It is very busy, with many people in line and husbands waiting for their wives. The American ad, on the other hand, shows only one person, therefore appealing to the individualistic aspect of American culture. †¢Masculine values: Both countries have a masculine culture, but the difference is that the Mexican ad reflects on the competitive aspect, and the American ad reflects on the individual achievement aspect. Risk: Mexico is much more risk averse than the United States, so the Mexican ad backs the product with a promise of winning a shopping spree. The American ad just states that you can lose weight, therefore making you take the risk of purchasing the product for a vague reason. †¢US product: Mexico has an overall positive attitude towards the United States, and therefore like American products. Therefore, The Special K brand is portrayed very similar in both advertisements. †¢Availability of time: The product is a convenient and quick meal, so it appeals to people that are in a hurry. The product is portrayed in a similar manner in both advertisements. †¢Independence of media from government control: Both countries have limited government control of broadcast television, so the company is able to freely express themselves in the ads, taking into account cultural factors. †¢Relative importance of visual versus verbal in a message: Both cultures rely on visuals to portray a message and appeal to people. The ads both use imagery (i. e. more red in the Mexican commercial, minimalism in American) to appeal to the target market. The American ad, however, relies on verbal delivery to get the message to the viewers. †¢Importance of self-service retailing: In both cultures self service retailing plays an important role for the deliverance of products to the population. Both ads expect the customer to purchase the product at their local grocery store. †¢Development and acceptance of international trademark or trade name: Red, which is used for the theme color of Special K, is important in Mexican culture. The Mexican commercial underlines the red color, using it more than the American ad. Also, Special K does not mean anything bad in Mexico, so the name is acceptable. †¢Applicability of products’ theme or slogan to other markets: Both slogans are different, but they imply the same thing. Both slogans are geared to appeal to the culture. Global media decisions see table 1 Both ads are television ads that implement sight, sound, motion, and color. Television advertising is intrusive in nature meaning that the viewer doesnt have to be actively involved to receive message. Special K is targeted towards middle-class working women and therefore both Mexican and U. S. ds run on television in the morning when women usually turn on the TV while preparing breakfast and in the evening while preparing dinner. The reason for this is the intrusive nature of TV advertising. Special K commercials also run on TV during the TV programs targeted to women. Advertising Objectives see table 1 Both Mexican and U. S. ads are hybrid of persuasive an informative advertising. The pe rsuasive advertising motivates users to take action in the form a lifestyle change with the help of Special K products. There is an ongoing issue of weight loss presented in both ads and solution to lose weight. An informative advertisement communicates to create and build brand awareness by positioning Special K products as a cereal for adults that fits into working woman’s lifestyle. It informs the audience about the benefits (weight loss, healthier lifestyle) of the product. Big Idea see table 1 If your clothes are feeling tight, then you should eat Special K to be able to fit into them again. The big idea of both of these advertisements is that this product is a tasty, easy way to lose weight. This definitely appeals to many people who want to lose weight but do not have a lot of time. Also, they have many different Special K products so that the people who are trying to lose weight will have a lot of variety in the food they eat. In the Mexican ad you also have a chance to win a new wardrobe that will fit your new figure. Push/pull strategy see table 1 Both the American and Mexican advertisements use a pull strategy. Kellogg assumes that the target market has knowledge of the product. The ad’s wording them to try Special K and see for themselves that the product will help to lose weight, thus creating demand for the product. The customer will subsequently go to their retailer in search of the product. The ads encourage women to take the â€Å"special k challenge† and lose 6 pounds in 2 weeks. The Mexican ad also offers a free shopping spree for women that can fit into a specific red dress after the challenge. These challenges and offers make women look for the product at their local store. Table 1 Factor/ CountryUnited StatesMexico Hybrid advertising strategyPoliticalGlobal TechnologyGlobal EconomicalGlobal Socio-culturalLocal Creative executionStraight sellyesyes Rational/ motional argumentRationalEmotional demonstrationnoyes Slice of lifeyesyes dramatizationnoyes Personality symbolyesyes Humornoyes lifestyleyesyes Advertising appealyesyes MessagePromisesLosing 6 pounds in 2 weeks. Losing 3 kilos in 2 weeks. Benefit/ claimClothes will fit better and consumer will be healthier. Clothes will fit better and consumer will have a chance to win new clothes. Copy/copywriteCopywriteCopywrite Target marke t appeal# of people in ad 1 character-IndividualismMultiple characters-Collectivism Masculine valuesMasculine-individual achievementMasculine-competitive RiskMore risky-no promise behind Less risky-win shopping spree U. S. productAmerican is goodAmerican is good Availability of TimeLimited-convenientLimited-convenient Independence of media from government controlYes-choiceYes-choice Visual v. Verbal in messageVerbal-minimalisticVisual-dramatization Importance of self-service retailingPeople know where to buyPeople know where to buy Development and acceptance of international trademark Kellogg known Kellogg known Applicability of product’s theme or sloganVisible in adVisible in ad Global media decision Television advertisement-short commercialTelevision advertisement-short commercial Advertising objectivesHybrid of persuasive and informativeHybrid of persuasive and informative Big ideaFlavorful and convenient way of losing weight. Flavorful and convenient way of losing weight. Pull strategyKnown to target marketKnown to target market Works Cited 1. Keegan, Warren J. , and Mark C. Green. Global Marketing. 6th. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. , 2011. Print. 2. Lakdawala, Ali. Advertising Messages. Scribd. Scribd Inc. , 2011. Web. 29 Nov 2011. .

Sony Corporation essays

Sony Corporation essays The Sony Company was incorporated in 1946 as Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. Its founders were Masaru Ibuka, whose Japan Precision Instruments Company had supplied electronic devices during World War II, and Akio Morita, an applied sciences instructor. The venture, which was funded by Morita's father, was formed to apply the advanced technology developed during the war to the manufacturer of consumer products. They renamed the company Sony (from the Latin sonus, sound) in 1958 and became one of the world's largest electronics corporations. Akio Morita came from a family with a long tradition of sake brewing and was expected to follow in the family business. Instead he showed an early interest in technology, eventually attending Osaka Imperial University and graduating in 1944 with a degree in physics. While serving in the navy during World War II he met Masaru Ibuka, industry's representative on the Wartime Research Committee. Ibuka was an imaginative engineer, a perfectionist who helped to create some of Sony's most popular products. Under his technical leadership, Sony introduced the first transistor television set in 1959, the first solid-state videotape recorder in 1961, and the Trinitron TV, launched in 1967. Toward the end of the war, Ibuka began a new business, Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. He was a pioneer in applying leading electronics technology to a broad range of consumer products. He also originated a new direction in the Japanese electronics industry from modifying existing technologies to creating new business opportunities. Ibuka and Morita along with seven employees and $375 in capital started work in an abandoned department store amid the devastation of early 1946. The company's first innovation, an electric rice cooker, failed, but the pair persevered. Even Sony's failures are successes: Sony's Beta videotape format fell out of favor with the consumer market, but the ...

Independent Variable Definition and Examples

Independent Variable Definition and Examples The two main variables in a science experiment are the independent variable and the dependent variable. Heres the definition on independent variable and a look at how its used: Key Takeaways: Independent Variable The independent variable is the factor that you purposely change or control in order to see what effect it has.The variable that responds to the change in the independent variable is called the dependent variable. It depends on the independent variable.The independent variable is graphed on the x-axis. Independent Variable Definition An independent variable is defines as the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment. It represents the cause or reason for an outcome.Independent variables are the variables that the experimenter changes to test their dependent variable. A change in the independent variable directly causes a change in the dependent variable. The effect on the dependent variable is measured and recorded. Common Misspellings: independant variable Independent Variable Examples A scientist is testing the effect of light and dark on the behavior of moths by turning a light on and off. The independent variable is the amount of light and the moths reaction is the dependent variable.In a study to determine the effect of temperature on plant pigmentation, the independent variable (cause) is the temperature, while the amount of pigment or color is the dependent variable (the effect). Graphing the Independent Variable When graphing data for an experiment, the independent variable is plotted on the x-axis, while the dependent variable is recorded on the y-axis. An easy way to keep the two variables straight is to use the acronym DRY MIX, which stands for: Dependent variable that Responds to change goes on the Y axisManipulated or Independent variable goes on the X axis Sources Dodge, Y. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms. OUP. ISBN 0-19-920613-9.Everitt, B. S. (2002). The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics (2nd ed.). Cambridge UP. ISBN 0-521-81099-X.Gujarati, Damodar N.; Porter, Dawn C. (2009). Terminology and Notation. Basic Econometrics (5th international ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 21. ISBN 978-007-127625-2.

Modelling Unknown System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Study on Financial Statements and Ratios of Banks

Study on Financial Statements and Ratios of Banks 4.0 Introduction The data analysis chapter has been divided into two parts. In the first part, I have tried to do some sort of quantitative analysis. The first part is based on the financial statements and key ratios of both the chosen banks. Again it was broken down into sub-points like the analysis of data before recession and after recession. Some key ratios were calculated, compared and analysed from the financial data of last 10 years for both the banks. The second part of this chapter is a mixture of literature review data analysis and some points were written with reference to the analysis done in first part in my own words. 4.1 Analysis of Data Derived from Financial Statements and Ratios 4.1.1 Bank Status before Recession After Recession To be able to answer our research questions it is imperative to look at the two companies data from financial statements, this will reveal the risks inherent in each banks operation. The analysis utilizes data from the financial statements of the banks under review from year 2005 to 2010 just before recession started. While the two banks have similarities in risk management RBS use pounds while HSBC use dollars as the basis currency in the books of accounts, while this may hinder the analysis especially quantitative analysis the general data increase and decrease is an important aspect sufficient for this study. 4.2 Financial Position of RBS 4.2.1 Financial Position of RBS before recession (2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007) The Royal Bank of Scotland turnover had been on steady increase, in the financial year ending December 2007 the turnover was  £30,366 million; in 2005 the turnover was  £25902 million while in the year ending 2006 turnover increased to  £28002 million. In 2005 operating profits were  £7936 million while in 2006 operating profits increased marginally to  £9186 and in 2007  £9807 million. Profits before tax has been on steady increase from  £7936million in 2005 to  £9186 and  £9832 million in 2006 and 2007 million respectively. 4.2.2 Financial Position of RBS After Recession (2007-2008, 2009-2010) The turnover for year 2008 was  £25868 Million and finally the turnover for the year ending December 2009 was  £38690 million. In but in 2008 and 2009 losses of  £40836 and  £2595 were recorded respectively, this was after recession started. The full details for the full year 2010 results have not been announced but the first half results profits had increased by 44% to  £3950 million. Table 1 Royal Bank of Scotland Profit and loss Extracts Year Ended 31 Dec 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005  £millions  £  £  £  £  £  £ Turnover 38690.0 25868.0 30366.0 28002.0 25902.0 Operating Profit Q3 726 -2595 -40836.0 9807 9186 7936 Profits before tax -2595 -40836.0 9832.0 9186.0 7936.0 Source; RBS website 4.3 Financial Positions of HSBC 4.3.1 Financial Positions of HSBC before recession On the other hand the turnovers for HSBC on the financial years under review were as follows; year 2007 the turnover was $ 87601 million, $ 61704 million in 2005 and $70070 million in 2006 in terms of operating profits, the group managed $20966.0m, $21240.0m and $22709.0m in years 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. Profits before tax were $20966m, $22086m, and $24212m in years 2005, 2006, and 2007. 4.3.2 Financial Positions of HSBC After recession The group managed a turnover of $ 88571 million and $ 78631 million in 2008 and 2009 accounting periods respectively. HSBC recorded $ 22709 million profit in 2007; however the profits declined substantially to $7646 million in 2008 and $ 5298 in 2009 again profits were affected as recessionary fears started. In third quarter of 2010 the profits increased marginally. Table 2 HSBC Profit and Loss Extracts Year Ended 31 Dec 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 $millions $ $ $ $ $ $ Turnover 78631 88571 87601 70070 61704 Operating Profit 5298 7646 22709 21240 20966 Profit before tax 7079 7079 9307 24212 20086 20966 Source: HSBC website 4.4 Tabular, Graphical representation, interpretation and analysis of key ratios of HSBC RBS for last 10 years In the next few pages, I have tried to present the data in tables, graphs and charts. Some of the data was presented and calculated for last 10 years and some for the last 5-6 years. Some of the key ratios as given below were calculated, analysed and compared for both the banks. Net Interest Margin Return on equity Capital adequacy Liquidity ratio Non-performing assets ratio Loans Turnover ratio Loans to Assets ratio Gross Yield on Earning Assets (GYEA) Table 3 HSBC Ratio Analysis in percentage Year Ending 31 Dec 2010 up to June 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2001 Net Interest Margin 3.25 3.09 3.05 2.00 3.4 2.04 2.60 2.54 2.24 ROE 11.1 12.3 11.21 9.62 11.60 12.25 11.2 15.6 13.21 Capital Adequacy 11.50 11.60 11.75 10.89 10.97 11.01 11.12 11.31 11.63 Liquidity ratio 2.20 2.50 3.62 4.21 5.31 6.54 1.23 1.11 2.15 Nonperforming assets ratio 2.17 2.27 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.14 2.11 2.01 2.00 Loans Turnover ratio 66.2 55.2 25.10 29.2 54.0 59.1 67.12 74.21 76.45 Loans to Assets ratio 0.60 0.40 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.113 0.21 0.28 0.32 GYEA 5.21 4.60 4.49 4.36 4.24 4.42 4.68 4.29 3.26 Source: Data glanced from HSBC website and did personal analysis. Figure 4 HSBC ratio analyses (Note: all the figures are in percentage) Table 4 RBS Ratio analysis as a percentage Year Ending 31 Dec 2010 up to June 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2001 Net Interest Margin 1.97 1.76 1.70 1.75 1.83 1.91 2.01 2.03 1.92 ROE 12 11.5 11.4 9 9.6 9.12 14 11.2 10 Capital Adequacy 12.51 11.44 11.95 12.98 11.72 11.10 12.21 13.11 13.23 Liquidity Ratio 3.21 2.42 3.21 5.22 3.23 3.29 2.23 2.11 3.15 Nonperforming Assets Ratio 11.1 14.1 16.1 12.15 12.11 12.10 11.11 11.01 10.10 Loans Turnover Ratio 66.9 45.25 44.15 39.2 44.0 49.12 57.21 63.32 66.00 Loans to Assets Ratio 1.56 1.45 1.35 1.40 1.19 0.20 0.89 0.46 0.56 GYEA 3.33 4.6 2.12 4.06 4.12 3.28 2.86 2.92 2.45 Source: Data glanced from RBS website and did personal analysis Fig. Comparison of the two banks PL data Generally over the years the turnover of the two banks has been increasing but the increase in HSBC turnover has been moderate while that of RBS has been steep. HSBC has managed to remain profitable for the period of analysis showing that the company has been able to mitigate the risks well as compared to RBS. RBS made substantial operating losses amounting to 2595 million in 2009 and had to be supported by the government as a result of subprime mortgage crisis. The data show that HSBC has adopted prudent management even though profits declined, the ratios show the group has maintained strong capital base Findings During the two years before year 2009 and after the two banks were adversely affected by economic condition. The profit and loss analysis from the two banks show that HSBC has been able to tackle liquidity risks well as it has been able to maintain profitability through out even during the recession on the other hand RBS was affected and made losses in 2007, 2008 and 2009 but the half year available indicate the bank has returned to profitability after the government support. The profitability before tax is shown in the figure below. Figure 5 Source: Data glanced from RBS and HSBC websites and did personal analysis Note: HSBS figures are in million dollars while figures for RBS are in million pounds. 4.5 Literature Review Data Analysis This dissertation presents the underlying strategies and approaches applied by the top UK banks in learning the differences between HSBC and Royal Bank of Scotland. The strategies and approaches are observed before and after the recession period when assets and stocks were reducing in value putting the banks in worst case financial scenario. To compare their financial, business and operational risks concern will create a bigger picture. The aim is to determine which between the two banks has a better and effective approach and strategy in the risk-reduction initiatives (Drew Michael, et al., 1996) Banks in United Kingdom have relied upon a proven system of strong liquidity risk management. This has been in existence for over three years now and since the system was started banks have made it a priority to update their systems of risk management to keep abreast with the changing demands of the society and technological innovations associated with risk management. Financial stability is easily achieved by following less complicated process and that is to stick to the rules and created in less difficult way that whenever you try to explain it to a customer or client. The grasp of the policy will then be easily absorbed (Issing, 2004). The liquidity risk management of most United Kingdom has been seen to be strong and responsive whenever banks experience risks. Banks have to ensure that they exercise prudent risk management to be able to provide customer satisfaction, but some of the banks are less committed to the task to minimize their exposure to risks. It can be costly to the bank and expose the bank to court cases, licence cancellation by the supervisory authorities and customers withdrawing from the bank. The only way to do this is to create a reliable system of liquidity risk management (Issing, 2004). Risk management actions count the most in the future and especially in setting the reputation of the banks. Extra effort is required in creating policies that will withstand the effect of any risks. Being able to communicate the recent risk situation among the team members will help a lot in the resolution and in effectively carrying out the regulations which they intended to implement for the banks organization. A manifestation of a high level of activity would spell a lot of difference compared to those who lag behind due to poor management risk planning (Kahf Homud, 1998). An effective liquidity risk management is able to make anticipations on the occurrence of future risks. There is also a type of liquidity risk management that can only provide satisfactory level of service or performance, however, it possess certain weakness though very insignificant, it may still deliver anticipated results like those managements that are strong since it only manifest very minor signs ineffectiveness (Bank of England 2007). HSBS and the Royal Bank of Scotland are not just the top banks in United Kingdom they are the two banks that show an impressive liquidity risk management. This record could be very much proven by the profits earned annually and the impression they make among their customers is excellent and they never settle for anything less. The two banks have applied similar systems although HSBC is the bank that shows the most impressive and effective strategy/ approach against a liquidity risk. They always make sure to protect not only their money but also protect the welfare of their customers and intend to move with them and manage their finances by avoiding incompetence in dealing with liquidity risks. HSBS guides their customer from the time they enter the institution until the time they become part of a much growing and impressive banking industry (Bank of England 2007). In the last two years HSBC only experienced short term recession only, they had prepared for the recession, through management and the fact that they had experienced a crisis before and had rectified it by creating a frame work that worked well for the bank. Prudent risk management at HSBC can be analysed by looking at the profits that the bank has earned recently where the bank doubled its half-year profits by posting  £7 billion as at August 2010, this is at a time when smaller banks were feeling the effects of recession. Analysts have seen the capabilities of the bank base from their well-managed systems and strategies. They had already expected such things to happen so there is nothing surprising about that (Goodway, 2007). The banks have taken all necessary precautions and the management maintains optimism that in case of risks they will find a way out. The way the two banks react to problems is always quick thus they are able to find real time solutions. This strategy is a good way of keeping loyal customers. The primary goal is to offer consistency in performance whether the nature of the transaction differs or not, this is exemplified by the HSBC spirit of being consistent and reliable in every possible way. One of the ways that the banks have avoided the risks is to anticipate the risks thus making in advance plans. HSBC has made a point to anticipate risks and make plans to mitigate or avoid the risks completely, this is seen in the banks preparation of the recession in the last two years the bank made adequate plans and adopted prudent lending, adopted technology and minimized operations expenses, while other bank were unprepared and had to be rescued by the government. HSBC operates inn flexible economies, this has been explained by looking at the diversity of the markets it operates, and this gave the bank diversity as not all markets experienced recession. HSBC reaction to risks is a testimony to its objective to effectively handle risks, one such objective identified in the study was is to create liquidity through making an arrangement to leaseback or sell assets whenever loans are defaulted (Goodway, 2007) On the other hand, the Royal Bank of Scotland has similar strategies, before recession the management had drawn a plan on risk management, this is exemplified by the fact that they didnt change their banking rates during this period. Although they needed to take precautions on the insurance, once this has been resolved they could go back to the most important part which is keeping the business even more profitable (Aldrick, 2008). Royal Bank of Scotland (2011) strategy has been to invest heavily in being relevant to the needs of the customer; the bank has also created a buffer to protect the bank in times of recession. In 2007 the bank lost 3% in book value as it experienced subprime related mortgage crisis, but the bank made an effort in ensuring that the customers needs were addressed as soon as possible and assured clients that their accounts with the bank were safe. The Royal Bank of Scotland has not seen changes in sub-prime related write downs, the bank has remained stable. During the recession the bank still managed  £ 1.1 billion in half year profits, though the bank was affected by recession as it could not prevent the effects of recession on their profits and capital enhancements. When making a comparison between the two banks, they differ on how they carry out their risk strategies but have similar characteristics. 4.5.1 Implications of recession on house mortgage and corresponding subprime losses HSBC has always tried to offer options that are sustaining and a relief to those who are about to lose their home due to the effect of recession, some of the options are leaseback and sales. In terms risk management HSBC has adopted a different approach when it comes to helping customers experiencing cash flow problems in paying mortgage. The bank identifies the need to assess the urgency to save the customers financial status or his house under mortgage (Goodway, 2007); the bank allows customers to modify their loan allowing customers to pay the loan at an adjusted future time. This reduces the risk to both the customer and the bank. On the other hand Royal Bank of Scotland reduce risks by allowing variable or fixed mortgage rate, and has applied the straightforward approach where a customer mortgage application is approved decisively, this ensures the payments are as flexible as possible. The bank has also limited the bank charges it can attach to an account thus creating customer satisfaction. 4.5.2 Bank Strategies and Policies Applied The effectiveness of the banks strategy and approach can be analysed by looking at how well the banks management performed their roles. As risks are recognized the management needs to assess the risks and careful interpretation of the consequences. If the management do not carefully assess the crisis, then the risk might probably worsen until it can no longer be helped (RBS, 2011). The loan modification adopted by HSBC may not work as it is difficult to find a common ground. It may also not be possible to carry out assessment and evaluation. The Royal Bank of Scotland has minimized its risk exposure by allowing the straightforward method, thus the bank is able to assess the qualification of each customer. 4.5.3 Criteria for house mortgage loan allocation Both banks utile interest options, period of payment, and a flexible payment options. However, the criteria need to be assessed on individual application basis while at the same time maintaining objectivity and should not be applied to all. This criterion has to be flexible in terms of meeting the customer needs such as unforeseen circumstances. The current criteria risk the banks profit if it is contravened, it should allow the customers meet their monthly loan repayment deadlines. It can be very well taken into account that the system used by these two is similar to those applied by the rest of the banks in United Kingdom (Effros, 1998). However, the researcher intends to discuss the reliability of the system utilized by the two chosen banks as they encounter inevitable risks in global economic environment. A study of the HSBC system shows how well they have managed risks that have placed other banks in receivership. The study helps to understand the important issues needs to be tackled by a bank to manage risks successfully. The two banks have had good financial risk management, in terms managing the credit and market risks by having a proper risk assessment. These two risks take place when an improper assessment is made (Newman, 2006). Strong and reliable management organization has been used as a tool to help the banks strengthen and arrive to a risk free system. In case of system failures a dependable measure has been created that would minimize financial implications. The banks initiative is to push the participation of the depositors in the program and to treat them as among the driving force which affects the system. The methods are extensively researched and adapted among institutions which mean that it has been carefully checked (Banks, 2003). Extensive study on the feasibility of the issue in addressing the effectiveness of system implemented in the banking institution. In the previous discussion, regarding the imposition of law affecting banking system, the European banks are known to be sanctioned under a strict regulation whereby giving them less control over their own management. The variability in the solution technique being employed by either HSBC or the Royal Bank of Scotland cannot simply be the solution to this problem. It is the way they approach the problem with a system proven by time. The HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland have several financial planning portfolios in helping the customers reach their goals. The two banks have manifested expertise in providing the most expert advice on planning and investing. They consider it as their responsibility to provide their customer with the best advice available and have to be right and fitting to their customers needs. They exert and commit themselves as they go the extra mile of keeping their customers for a lifetime by answering and addressing quickly their customers growing demands and they have never failed to do so (Newman, 2006). The banks will not wait in vain but makes sure that they get to customers and provides them with a personalized service that cannot be found from other bank institutions creating confidence and trust with the customers. No wonder these two banks were voted top United Kingdom banks (Duttweiler, 2009). The assessment of the policy utilized by these two banks operates as a measure that monitors whether a prescribed risk guideline has been complied with and then makes a report accordingly (Crouhy, 2006). The design of the policy has been able to achieve the appropriate strategy, though require the framework and the funding capacity be adequately met by the funding institution. The design as a result, gives the customer the assurance and the security as they are given the key role and part in developing the system. The United Banking system has also been extensively analysed in this dissertation. Risks such as the financial and operational risks has been analysed by relating them to the strategies being employed by each bank, thus, an empirical method has been applied by exploring details about each bank. Various important factors about a banking institutions risk management system have been looked into as well. Looking into the advantages of a well-organized risk management banking system will help minimize damages brought by liquidity risks. A well-managed and well carried management plan will save the bank from recovering from years, after suffering from significant financial risks. Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1 Conclusions While the data analysed show similarities in the way the two banks manage liquidity risks HSBC has prudently managed the risks better as compared to RBS. The profits before tax for the two banks indicate that RBS made losses for the last two years while HSBC has maintained profitability despite recession. Fair amount of loans have been advanced that may not pose great risk to both banks, the loan to asset rate is low for both banks and this reduces unnecessary exposure to bad debts. The ratios indicate the banks have maintained adequate capital bases that can with stand systemic risks. HSBC has managed to maintain low operating margins leveraging on technology to deliver products thus avoiding high staff expenses, on the other hand RSB government ownership reduces the risk exposure and thus the bank has been able to obtain loans from the bank after the recent recession, the operating margins are negative for the last two years indicating the bank has not been able to achieve optimal operations. After a sustained increase in the operating profits of RBS before the recession profits declined from 9807 million pounds in 2007 to losses of 2595 million pounds, this emanated from the exposure of the bank to mortgage related risks therefore to ensure the bank is protected from the risk the bank should carry out evaluation on the ability of the customers to meet the monthly mortgage requirements. The effectiveness of the risks management policies of the banks under study has been evaluated, to be able to have a wider view about risk management bank mortgage and subsequent reaction to recession has been analysed. When the risk management policies that each of the banks under consideration is evaluated, HSBC possess the most formidable liquidity risk management policy implementation well articulated in the banks reaction to the recession. The study established that the liquidity risk management plays an important role in monitoring the flow of assets into the banks system. Banks are required to have standard set of policy to affect its benefits. However, without a reliable system from which the organization management plan is created, it is easy to say that such a management plan will not be effective. It will produce no progress at all and could costly on the part of those who implement these management strategies. Since the two banks have applied similar systems; HSBC is the bank that shows the most impressive and effective strategy/ approach against liquidity risk. They always make sure to protect not only their money also they make sure that they protect the welfare of their customers. The dissertation focus on the UK banking system was ideal as the perfect niche where to study liquidity risk because the banks have a wide access to almost all parts of the world and. The banks are universal and possess that impressive banking track record. HSBC and the Royal Banks of Scotland are equally as competent and committed to a strong liquidity risk management (Casu Molyneux, 2001). However, this study was limited to the top two banks it is recommended that in order to understand liquidity risk a study should be conducted not only on those two banks but also on those ranked at the bottom. This way it is possible to understand the liquidity risk in the banking industry and serve as a basis of reference by other researchers or particular areas of concern that may be a source of risk for banks. It should also be necessary that a case study be conducted on a particular scenario focusing only on one risk management area so as to have a clearer view. The banking system is explained along with some points on how important it is to build a strong impression with international institutions by securing a reliable system within the bank by good risk management policies that serve as its foundation. A discussion on the importance of liquidity risk management policy has been explored using policies as the guidelines and indicators that help determine the confidence level in each banking system. If weak policy system is in place, it gives doubt as to the effectiveness of the risk management approach. Royal Bank of England has been analysed and the responsibility it has on the control of rates. The bank has been used as the point of reference since it has flexibility in decision making as well as its crucial to the good functioning or detriment of the whole banking institution in United Kingdom. The HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland has impressive financial planning portfolios that are geared towards helping the customers reach their goals. They make it their utmost responsibility to provide their customer with the best options that are available and have committed to meet the customers need. The two banks provide the most expert advice on planning and investing. An analysis of HSBC system shows that they have managed risks well, including risks that have placed other banks in receivership. The Royal Bank of Scotland equally possesses reliable strategy where all the decisions regarding risks have to be decided after careful analysis and Proper management of credit and market risks is essential in eliminating financial risks. The study established that these two risks occur when an improper assessment is made. The commitment of the management of an organization is an important element needed to help reduce the risk on possibility of a bank to collapse. It is a guiding force that a responsible banking institution must adhere to, so as to avoid the consequences of financial failure because of mismanagement. Proper risk management could be a simple way of solving liquidity risk problem which management believe is difficult to tackle. In order to protect their earnings the banks have to institute proper risk management policies as it is not always predictable where risks will emerge. The two banks under study have implemented some of the most desired risk management policies. Many banks were severely affected by the recession but HSBC and RBS still returned maximum profits despite the operating environment existing in 2010 the financial year under review. Customers are concerned with the risk management practises of their banks this is because it also determines the availability of credit and all necessary bank products that they need. 6.2 Recommendations The banks need to ensure that the risk exposure on their portfolios is minimized or eliminated completely. While the recession risks were inevitable the need to anticipate liquidity risks are imperative. HSBC had gone through a crisis however the management had foresight and planned well for the recession on the other hand RBS had to rely on government bail out to minimize the risks the mortgage portfolio had. The need to pursue vigorous risk management policies is important than before, while management decisions influence the direction of the banks, careful planning and consulting is essential. A deep analysis of the causes of the losses registered in the last two years would be a good starting point to be able to collect the mistakes. Management will be valuable in this, the ability of the management to run smoothly the banks and predict future risk will determine the bank that emerges from recession stronger. From the data analyzed while turnover for the banks increased the operating profits were affected by the recession. Like HSBC did RBS need to leverage on technology to reduce operating losses. 6.2.1 Recommendations on Managing liquidity through Organizational structure and Governance It is imperative that the two banks define the liquidity risks exhaustively this will ensure that the risks the banks are exposed to are identified and placed in respective risk category, then the risks are communicated to the respective groups to that they can identify, understand and evaluate liquidity risks that the banks face including new lines of business, products, acquisitions, alliances or any initiative that the banks intend to participate. A clear understanding of the various risks is essential particularly distinguishing Market liquidity and funding liquidity risks. R Study on Financial Statements and Ratios of Banks Study on Financial Statements and Ratios of Banks 4.0 Introduction The data analysis chapter has been divided into two parts. In the first part, I have tried to do some sort of quantitative analysis. The first part is based on the financial statements and key ratios of both the chosen banks. Again it was broken down into sub-points like the analysis of data before recession and after recession. Some key ratios were calculated, compared and analysed from the financial data of last 10 years for both the banks. The second part of this chapter is a mixture of literature review data analysis and some points were written with reference to the analysis done in first part in my own words. 4.1 Analysis of Data Derived from Financial Statements and Ratios 4.1.1 Bank Status before Recession After Recession To be able to answer our research questions it is imperative to look at the two companies data from financial statements, this will reveal the risks inherent in each banks operation. The analysis utilizes data from the financial statements of the banks under review from year 2005 to 2010 just before recession started. While the two banks have similarities in risk management RBS use pounds while HSBC use dollars as the basis currency in the books of accounts, while this may hinder the analysis especially quantitative analysis the general data increase and decrease is an important aspect sufficient for this study. 4.2 Financial Position of RBS 4.2.1 Financial Position of RBS before recession (2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007) The Royal Bank of Scotland turnover had been on steady increase, in the financial year ending December 2007 the turnover was  £30,366 million; in 2005 the turnover was  £25902 million while in the year ending 2006 turnover increased to  £28002 million. In 2005 operating profits were  £7936 million while in 2006 operating profits increased marginally to  £9186 and in 2007  £9807 million. Profits before tax has been on steady increase from  £7936million in 2005 to  £9186 and  £9832 million in 2006 and 2007 million respectively. 4.2.2 Financial Position of RBS After Recession (2007-2008, 2009-2010) The turnover for year 2008 was  £25868 Million and finally the turnover for the year ending December 2009 was  £38690 million. In but in 2008 and 2009 losses of  £40836 and  £2595 were recorded respectively, this was after recession started. The full details for the full year 2010 results have not been announced but the first half results profits had increased by 44% to  £3950 million. Table 1 Royal Bank of Scotland Profit and loss Extracts Year Ended 31 Dec 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005  £millions  £  £  £  £  £  £ Turnover 38690.0 25868.0 30366.0 28002.0 25902.0 Operating Profit Q3 726 -2595 -40836.0 9807 9186 7936 Profits before tax -2595 -40836.0 9832.0 9186.0 7936.0 Source; RBS website 4.3 Financial Positions of HSBC 4.3.1 Financial Positions of HSBC before recession On the other hand the turnovers for HSBC on the financial years under review were as follows; year 2007 the turnover was $ 87601 million, $ 61704 million in 2005 and $70070 million in 2006 in terms of operating profits, the group managed $20966.0m, $21240.0m and $22709.0m in years 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. Profits before tax were $20966m, $22086m, and $24212m in years 2005, 2006, and 2007. 4.3.2 Financial Positions of HSBC After recession The group managed a turnover of $ 88571 million and $ 78631 million in 2008 and 2009 accounting periods respectively. HSBC recorded $ 22709 million profit in 2007; however the profits declined substantially to $7646 million in 2008 and $ 5298 in 2009 again profits were affected as recessionary fears started. In third quarter of 2010 the profits increased marginally. Table 2 HSBC Profit and Loss Extracts Year Ended 31 Dec 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 $millions $ $ $ $ $ $ Turnover 78631 88571 87601 70070 61704 Operating Profit 5298 7646 22709 21240 20966 Profit before tax 7079 7079 9307 24212 20086 20966 Source: HSBC website 4.4 Tabular, Graphical representation, interpretation and analysis of key ratios of HSBC RBS for last 10 years In the next few pages, I have tried to present the data in tables, graphs and charts. Some of the data was presented and calculated for last 10 years and some for the last 5-6 years. Some of the key ratios as given below were calculated, analysed and compared for both the banks. Net Interest Margin Return on equity Capital adequacy Liquidity ratio Non-performing assets ratio Loans Turnover ratio Loans to Assets ratio Gross Yield on Earning Assets (GYEA) Table 3 HSBC Ratio Analysis in percentage Year Ending 31 Dec 2010 up to June 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2001 Net Interest Margin 3.25 3.09 3.05 2.00 3.4 2.04 2.60 2.54 2.24 ROE 11.1 12.3 11.21 9.62 11.60 12.25 11.2 15.6 13.21 Capital Adequacy 11.50 11.60 11.75 10.89 10.97 11.01 11.12 11.31 11.63 Liquidity ratio 2.20 2.50 3.62 4.21 5.31 6.54 1.23 1.11 2.15 Nonperforming assets ratio 2.17 2.27 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.14 2.11 2.01 2.00 Loans Turnover ratio 66.2 55.2 25.10 29.2 54.0 59.1 67.12 74.21 76.45 Loans to Assets ratio 0.60 0.40 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.113 0.21 0.28 0.32 GYEA 5.21 4.60 4.49 4.36 4.24 4.42 4.68 4.29 3.26 Source: Data glanced from HSBC website and did personal analysis. Figure 4 HSBC ratio analyses (Note: all the figures are in percentage) Table 4 RBS Ratio analysis as a percentage Year Ending 31 Dec 2010 up to June 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2001 Net Interest Margin 1.97 1.76 1.70 1.75 1.83 1.91 2.01 2.03 1.92 ROE 12 11.5 11.4 9 9.6 9.12 14 11.2 10 Capital Adequacy 12.51 11.44 11.95 12.98 11.72 11.10 12.21 13.11 13.23 Liquidity Ratio 3.21 2.42 3.21 5.22 3.23 3.29 2.23 2.11 3.15 Nonperforming Assets Ratio 11.1 14.1 16.1 12.15 12.11 12.10 11.11 11.01 10.10 Loans Turnover Ratio 66.9 45.25 44.15 39.2 44.0 49.12 57.21 63.32 66.00 Loans to Assets Ratio 1.56 1.45 1.35 1.40 1.19 0.20 0.89 0.46 0.56 GYEA 3.33 4.6 2.12 4.06 4.12 3.28 2.86 2.92 2.45 Source: Data glanced from RBS website and did personal analysis Fig. Comparison of the two banks PL data Generally over the years the turnover of the two banks has been increasing but the increase in HSBC turnover has been moderate while that of RBS has been steep. HSBC has managed to remain profitable for the period of analysis showing that the company has been able to mitigate the risks well as compared to RBS. RBS made substantial operating losses amounting to 2595 million in 2009 and had to be supported by the government as a result of subprime mortgage crisis. The data show that HSBC has adopted prudent management even though profits declined, the ratios show the group has maintained strong capital base Findings During the two years before year 2009 and after the two banks were adversely affected by economic condition. The profit and loss analysis from the two banks show that HSBC has been able to tackle liquidity risks well as it has been able to maintain profitability through out even during the recession on the other hand RBS was affected and made losses in 2007, 2008 and 2009 but the half year available indicate the bank has returned to profitability after the government support. The profitability before tax is shown in the figure below. Figure 5 Source: Data glanced from RBS and HSBC websites and did personal analysis Note: HSBS figures are in million dollars while figures for RBS are in million pounds. 4.5 Literature Review Data Analysis This dissertation presents the underlying strategies and approaches applied by the top UK banks in learning the differences between HSBC and Royal Bank of Scotland. The strategies and approaches are observed before and after the recession period when assets and stocks were reducing in value putting the banks in worst case financial scenario. To compare their financial, business and operational risks concern will create a bigger picture. The aim is to determine which between the two banks has a better and effective approach and strategy in the risk-reduction initiatives (Drew Michael, et al., 1996) Banks in United Kingdom have relied upon a proven system of strong liquidity risk management. This has been in existence for over three years now and since the system was started banks have made it a priority to update their systems of risk management to keep abreast with the changing demands of the society and technological innovations associated with risk management. Financial stability is easily achieved by following less complicated process and that is to stick to the rules and created in less difficult way that whenever you try to explain it to a customer or client. The grasp of the policy will then be easily absorbed (Issing, 2004). The liquidity risk management of most United Kingdom has been seen to be strong and responsive whenever banks experience risks. Banks have to ensure that they exercise prudent risk management to be able to provide customer satisfaction, but some of the banks are less committed to the task to minimize their exposure to risks. It can be costly to the bank and expose the bank to court cases, licence cancellation by the supervisory authorities and customers withdrawing from the bank. The only way to do this is to create a reliable system of liquidity risk management (Issing, 2004). Risk management actions count the most in the future and especially in setting the reputation of the banks. Extra effort is required in creating policies that will withstand the effect of any risks. Being able to communicate the recent risk situation among the team members will help a lot in the resolution and in effectively carrying out the regulations which they intended to implement for the banks organization. A manifestation of a high level of activity would spell a lot of difference compared to those who lag behind due to poor management risk planning (Kahf Homud, 1998). An effective liquidity risk management is able to make anticipations on the occurrence of future risks. There is also a type of liquidity risk management that can only provide satisfactory level of service or performance, however, it possess certain weakness though very insignificant, it may still deliver anticipated results like those managements that are strong since it only manifest very minor signs ineffectiveness (Bank of England 2007). HSBS and the Royal Bank of Scotland are not just the top banks in United Kingdom they are the two banks that show an impressive liquidity risk management. This record could be very much proven by the profits earned annually and the impression they make among their customers is excellent and they never settle for anything less. The two banks have applied similar systems although HSBC is the bank that shows the most impressive and effective strategy/ approach against a liquidity risk. They always make sure to protect not only their money but also protect the welfare of their customers and intend to move with them and manage their finances by avoiding incompetence in dealing with liquidity risks. HSBS guides their customer from the time they enter the institution until the time they become part of a much growing and impressive banking industry (Bank of England 2007). In the last two years HSBC only experienced short term recession only, they had prepared for the recession, through management and the fact that they had experienced a crisis before and had rectified it by creating a frame work that worked well for the bank. Prudent risk management at HSBC can be analysed by looking at the profits that the bank has earned recently where the bank doubled its half-year profits by posting  £7 billion as at August 2010, this is at a time when smaller banks were feeling the effects of recession. Analysts have seen the capabilities of the bank base from their well-managed systems and strategies. They had already expected such things to happen so there is nothing surprising about that (Goodway, 2007). The banks have taken all necessary precautions and the management maintains optimism that in case of risks they will find a way out. The way the two banks react to problems is always quick thus they are able to find real time solutions. This strategy is a good way of keeping loyal customers. The primary goal is to offer consistency in performance whether the nature of the transaction differs or not, this is exemplified by the HSBC spirit of being consistent and reliable in every possible way. One of the ways that the banks have avoided the risks is to anticipate the risks thus making in advance plans. HSBC has made a point to anticipate risks and make plans to mitigate or avoid the risks completely, this is seen in the banks preparation of the recession in the last two years the bank made adequate plans and adopted prudent lending, adopted technology and minimized operations expenses, while other bank were unprepared and had to be rescued by the government. HSBC operates inn flexible economies, this has been explained by looking at the diversity of the markets it operates, and this gave the bank diversity as not all markets experienced recession. HSBC reaction to risks is a testimony to its objective to effectively handle risks, one such objective identified in the study was is to create liquidity through making an arrangement to leaseback or sell assets whenever loans are defaulted (Goodway, 2007) On the other hand, the Royal Bank of Scotland has similar strategies, before recession the management had drawn a plan on risk management, this is exemplified by the fact that they didnt change their banking rates during this period. Although they needed to take precautions on the insurance, once this has been resolved they could go back to the most important part which is keeping the business even more profitable (Aldrick, 2008). Royal Bank of Scotland (2011) strategy has been to invest heavily in being relevant to the needs of the customer; the bank has also created a buffer to protect the bank in times of recession. In 2007 the bank lost 3% in book value as it experienced subprime related mortgage crisis, but the bank made an effort in ensuring that the customers needs were addressed as soon as possible and assured clients that their accounts with the bank were safe. The Royal Bank of Scotland has not seen changes in sub-prime related write downs, the bank has remained stable. During the recession the bank still managed  £ 1.1 billion in half year profits, though the bank was affected by recession as it could not prevent the effects of recession on their profits and capital enhancements. When making a comparison between the two banks, they differ on how they carry out their risk strategies but have similar characteristics. 4.5.1 Implications of recession on house mortgage and corresponding subprime losses HSBC has always tried to offer options that are sustaining and a relief to those who are about to lose their home due to the effect of recession, some of the options are leaseback and sales. In terms risk management HSBC has adopted a different approach when it comes to helping customers experiencing cash flow problems in paying mortgage. The bank identifies the need to assess the urgency to save the customers financial status or his house under mortgage (Goodway, 2007); the bank allows customers to modify their loan allowing customers to pay the loan at an adjusted future time. This reduces the risk to both the customer and the bank. On the other hand Royal Bank of Scotland reduce risks by allowing variable or fixed mortgage rate, and has applied the straightforward approach where a customer mortgage application is approved decisively, this ensures the payments are as flexible as possible. The bank has also limited the bank charges it can attach to an account thus creating customer satisfaction. 4.5.2 Bank Strategies and Policies Applied The effectiveness of the banks strategy and approach can be analysed by looking at how well the banks management performed their roles. As risks are recognized the management needs to assess the risks and careful interpretation of the consequences. If the management do not carefully assess the crisis, then the risk might probably worsen until it can no longer be helped (RBS, 2011). The loan modification adopted by HSBC may not work as it is difficult to find a common ground. It may also not be possible to carry out assessment and evaluation. The Royal Bank of Scotland has minimized its risk exposure by allowing the straightforward method, thus the bank is able to assess the qualification of each customer. 4.5.3 Criteria for house mortgage loan allocation Both banks utile interest options, period of payment, and a flexible payment options. However, the criteria need to be assessed on individual application basis while at the same time maintaining objectivity and should not be applied to all. This criterion has to be flexible in terms of meeting the customer needs such as unforeseen circumstances. The current criteria risk the banks profit if it is contravened, it should allow the customers meet their monthly loan repayment deadlines. It can be very well taken into account that the system used by these two is similar to those applied by the rest of the banks in United Kingdom (Effros, 1998). However, the researcher intends to discuss the reliability of the system utilized by the two chosen banks as they encounter inevitable risks in global economic environment. A study of the HSBC system shows how well they have managed risks that have placed other banks in receivership. The study helps to understand the important issues needs to be tackled by a bank to manage risks successfully. The two banks have had good financial risk management, in terms managing the credit and market risks by having a proper risk assessment. These two risks take place when an improper assessment is made (Newman, 2006). Strong and reliable management organization has been used as a tool to help the banks strengthen and arrive to a risk free system. In case of system failures a dependable measure has been created that would minimize financial implications. The banks initiative is to push the participation of the depositors in the program and to treat them as among the driving force which affects the system. The methods are extensively researched and adapted among institutions which mean that it has been carefully checked (Banks, 2003). Extensive study on the feasibility of the issue in addressing the effectiveness of system implemented in the banking institution. In the previous discussion, regarding the imposition of law affecting banking system, the European banks are known to be sanctioned under a strict regulation whereby giving them less control over their own management. The variability in the solution technique being employed by either HSBC or the Royal Bank of Scotland cannot simply be the solution to this problem. It is the way they approach the problem with a system proven by time. The HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland have several financial planning portfolios in helping the customers reach their goals. The two banks have manifested expertise in providing the most expert advice on planning and investing. They consider it as their responsibility to provide their customer with the best advice available and have to be right and fitting to their customers needs. They exert and commit themselves as they go the extra mile of keeping their customers for a lifetime by answering and addressing quickly their customers growing demands and they have never failed to do so (Newman, 2006). The banks will not wait in vain but makes sure that they get to customers and provides them with a personalized service that cannot be found from other bank institutions creating confidence and trust with the customers. No wonder these two banks were voted top United Kingdom banks (Duttweiler, 2009). The assessment of the policy utilized by these two banks operates as a measure that monitors whether a prescribed risk guideline has been complied with and then makes a report accordingly (Crouhy, 2006). The design of the policy has been able to achieve the appropriate strategy, though require the framework and the funding capacity be adequately met by the funding institution. The design as a result, gives the customer the assurance and the security as they are given the key role and part in developing the system. The United Banking system has also been extensively analysed in this dissertation. Risks such as the financial and operational risks has been analysed by relating them to the strategies being employed by each bank, thus, an empirical method has been applied by exploring details about each bank. Various important factors about a banking institutions risk management system have been looked into as well. Looking into the advantages of a well-organized risk management banking system will help minimize damages brought by liquidity risks. A well-managed and well carried management plan will save the bank from recovering from years, after suffering from significant financial risks. Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1 Conclusions While the data analysed show similarities in the way the two banks manage liquidity risks HSBC has prudently managed the risks better as compared to RBS. The profits before tax for the two banks indicate that RBS made losses for the last two years while HSBC has maintained profitability despite recession. Fair amount of loans have been advanced that may not pose great risk to both banks, the loan to asset rate is low for both banks and this reduces unnecessary exposure to bad debts. The ratios indicate the banks have maintained adequate capital bases that can with stand systemic risks. HSBC has managed to maintain low operating margins leveraging on technology to deliver products thus avoiding high staff expenses, on the other hand RSB government ownership reduces the risk exposure and thus the bank has been able to obtain loans from the bank after the recent recession, the operating margins are negative for the last two years indicating the bank has not been able to achieve optimal operations. After a sustained increase in the operating profits of RBS before the recession profits declined from 9807 million pounds in 2007 to losses of 2595 million pounds, this emanated from the exposure of the bank to mortgage related risks therefore to ensure the bank is protected from the risk the bank should carry out evaluation on the ability of the customers to meet the monthly mortgage requirements. The effectiveness of the risks management policies of the banks under study has been evaluated, to be able to have a wider view about risk management bank mortgage and subsequent reaction to recession has been analysed. When the risk management policies that each of the banks under consideration is evaluated, HSBC possess the most formidable liquidity risk management policy implementation well articulated in the banks reaction to the recession. The study established that the liquidity risk management plays an important role in monitoring the flow of assets into the banks system. Banks are required to have standard set of policy to affect its benefits. However, without a reliable system from which the organization management plan is created, it is easy to say that such a management plan will not be effective. It will produce no progress at all and could costly on the part of those who implement these management strategies. Since the two banks have applied similar systems; HSBC is the bank that shows the most impressive and effective strategy/ approach against liquidity risk. They always make sure to protect not only their money also they make sure that they protect the welfare of their customers. The dissertation focus on the UK banking system was ideal as the perfect niche where to study liquidity risk because the banks have a wide access to almost all parts of the world and. The banks are universal and possess that impressive banking track record. HSBC and the Royal Banks of Scotland are equally as competent and committed to a strong liquidity risk management (Casu Molyneux, 2001). However, this study was limited to the top two banks it is recommended that in order to understand liquidity risk a study should be conducted not only on those two banks but also on those ranked at the bottom. This way it is possible to understand the liquidity risk in the banking industry and serve as a basis of reference by other researchers or particular areas of concern that may be a source of risk for banks. It should also be necessary that a case study be conducted on a particular scenario focusing only on one risk management area so as to have a clearer view. The banking system is explained along with some points on how important it is to build a strong impression with international institutions by securing a reliable system within the bank by good risk management policies that serve as its foundation. A discussion on the importance of liquidity risk management policy has been explored using policies as the guidelines and indicators that help determine the confidence level in each banking system. If weak policy system is in place, it gives doubt as to the effectiveness of the risk management approach. Royal Bank of England has been analysed and the responsibility it has on the control of rates. The bank has been used as the point of reference since it has flexibility in decision making as well as its crucial to the good functioning or detriment of the whole banking institution in United Kingdom. The HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland has impressive financial planning portfolios that are geared towards helping the customers reach their goals. They make it their utmost responsibility to provide their customer with the best options that are available and have committed to meet the customers need. The two banks provide the most expert advice on planning and investing. An analysis of HSBC system shows that they have managed risks well, including risks that have placed other banks in receivership. The Royal Bank of Scotland equally possesses reliable strategy where all the decisions regarding risks have to be decided after careful analysis and Proper management of credit and market risks is essential in eliminating financial risks. The study established that these two risks occur when an improper assessment is made. The commitment of the management of an organization is an important element needed to help reduce the risk on possibility of a bank to collapse. It is a guiding force that a responsible banking institution must adhere to, so as to avoid the consequences of financial failure because of mismanagement. Proper risk management could be a simple way of solving liquidity risk problem which management believe is difficult to tackle. In order to protect their earnings the banks have to institute proper risk management policies as it is not always predictable where risks will emerge. The two banks under study have implemented some of the most desired risk management policies. Many banks were severely affected by the recession but HSBC and RBS still returned maximum profits despite the operating environment existing in 2010 the financial year under review. Customers are concerned with the risk management practises of their banks this is because it also determines the availability of credit and all necessary bank products that they need. 6.2 Recommendations The banks need to ensure that the risk exposure on their portfolios is minimized or eliminated completely. While the recession risks were inevitable the need to anticipate liquidity risks are imperative. HSBC had gone through a crisis however the management had foresight and planned well for the recession on the other hand RBS had to rely on government bail out to minimize the risks the mortgage portfolio had. The need to pursue vigorous risk management policies is important than before, while management decisions influence the direction of the banks, careful planning and consulting is essential. A deep analysis of the causes of the losses registered in the last two years would be a good starting point to be able to collect the mistakes. Management will be valuable in this, the ability of the management to run smoothly the banks and predict future risk will determine the bank that emerges from recession stronger. From the data analyzed while turnover for the banks increased the operating profits were affected by the recession. Like HSBC did RBS need to leverage on technology to reduce operating losses. 6.2.1 Recommendations on Managing liquidity through Organizational structure and Governance It is imperative that the two banks define the liquidity risks exhaustively this will ensure that the risks the banks are exposed to are identified and placed in respective risk category, then the risks are communicated to the respective groups to that they can identify, understand and evaluate liquidity risks that the banks face including new lines of business, products, acquisitions, alliances or any initiative that the banks intend to participate. A clear understanding of the various risks is essential particularly distinguishing Market liquidity and funding liquidity risks. R